The Business Reference Model (BRM) provides a framework facilitating a functional (as opposed to organisational) view of the New Zealand Government’s Activities, including its internal operations, its services for citizens, individuals, businesses and other organisations, and matters it has a role in, independent of the agencies performing them.

By describing the New Zealand Government around common functions and subjects instead of a siloed, agency-by-agency view, the BRM promotes agency collaboration and supports Improved Service Delivery to New Zealanders, Value for Money (particularly in ICT expenditure), Reuse of Government Data, and is the underlying foundation for the NZFEAF.

The BRM has been developed using the New Zealand Government Locator Service (NZGLS)^⁷ thesauri – the Functions of New Zealand (FONZ) and the Subjects of New Zealand (SONZ). The SONZ thesaurus is a glossary containing terms that describe New Zealander’s, their activities, their motivations and the resources they use or create.

The NZGLS (including the FONZ and SONZ thesauri) was developed as part of the New Zealand E-Government Programme with the aim of enhancing public access to services and information resources, and approved by Cabinet as the official New Zealand standard for creating discovery level metadata in the public service. Archives New Zealand is the custodian of the NZGLS. The National Library of New Zealand was the custodian of FOMZ and SONZ until June 2006, when it passed to the State Services Commission. “Terms from both these thesauri are combined to describe government information, services and other resources in a consistent manner.”^⁸ The NZGLS aim of enhancing public access to services and information resources means that SONZ and FONZ are agency neutral and user-centric in nature.

The BRM combines two tiered hierarchies that can be combined or used separately to represent the activities of the New Zealand Government. The BRM/FONZ tiers consist of:

Functional Areas, which government functionality into broad areas, based on their focus; do they interact directly with New Zealanders, or are they back office;
Functions within functional area, which describe government broad functionality in an agency neutral terms.
Sub-functions under each function, which relate to specific, more detailed functionality, under a general government function.

At an agency level, these sub-functions are represented by Business Services that are enacted and supported through Business Processes, which are in turn supported and delivered by service components described in the Service Reference Model. The BRM/SONZ tiers consist of:

Subject Categories, which categories the broad terms, based on whether they describe New Zealanders, New Zealanders’ activities, New Zealanders’ motivations, or their resources.
Broad Terms, which describe the matters that the government concerns itself with at a high level; and
Narrow Terms within each broad term, which relate to specific government matters.

At an agency level, these narrow terms maybe described by agency specific terms.

Both FONZ and SONZ contain related-term relationships to assist users identify the most appropriate term to use.

These functional relationships are illustrated in Figure 3-8 below.

Figure 3 8: BRM Functional Relationships

The Functional Areas separate government functions into high-level categories around three common business themes:^⁹

Functions for New Zealanders - provided by the government to and on behalf of individuals, businesses and other organisations, relating to the purpose of government.
Support Functions - that provide the policy, programmes and managerial foundation to government operations.
Management of Government Resources - internal functions that enable the government to operate effectively and efficiently.

The subject Categories divide the subjects of government into seven broad categories The categories cover who are the New Zealanders that utilise a government function, why they utilise or must utilise the function, and what resources are used or produced by the function. The Subjects Categories are:^¹⁰

Party: is who wishes to benefit from, or is impacted by, or involved with, a government activity. Typically, a person, profession, role, business, or an organisation; e.g. Students, Consumers.
Activity: undertaken by a party, which requires them to utilise government services, contributes to why the involved party is seeking to use a government service; e.g. tramping, science, business. Sometimes the activity is an undesirable or illegal activity and the government activity (or activities) are aimed at curbing or curtail them; e.g. suicide.
Event: which a party wishes to put on or suffers from; e.g. an earthquake. Unlike activities, events occur at a point in time and generally are not ongoing for a long period of time.
Resource: is utilised by a party or parties involved in the course of their activity; e.g. a boat is needed for sailing. Resources are also created by a party’s activity; e.g. resources are also created by government activities for the use of parties, either at the party’s instigation, or at the government’s instigation.
Entitlement: a right or benefit that a person, business or organisation is entitled to, and requires some form of government involvement to exercise or enjoy. Entitlements are generally legal entitlements, but can include contracted benefits. Some entitlements are conditional, and not an absolute right. e.g. unemployment benefits, leave.
Obligation: a levy or duty that a person, business or organisation must discharge, and requires some form of government involvement to do so. Obligations are generally legal ones and must be discharged to the Crown, but can include contracted obligations. Some obligations are conditional, dependent on the circumstances of the party potentially incurring it; e.g. income tax, student loans.
Condition: a state or measurable attribute that can be used to describe a party, resource, entitlement or obligation. A condition may drive a party to seek government involvement or be determined if a party has an entitlement or obligation; e.g. erosion, injuries.

Any Government Activity can be described by combining terms from the BRM/FONZ and BRM/SONZ. Depending on the context, a term or terms from only one of BRM/FONZ or BRM/SONZ may be sufficient. It is permissible to mix the higher level terms from BRM/FONZ or BRM/SONZ with lower level terms from the other; it depends on the context and the degree of specificity required in the description. The inter-relationship between FONZ and FONZ is illustrated in Figure 3-9 below.

Figure 3 9: BRM Summary

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3.1 Functions for New Zealanders Functional Area

The Functions for New Zealanders Functional Area describes those government functions that involve New Zealand individuals, businesses and other organisations in terms of functions and sub-functions. It includes the provision of externally-focused government activities and the obligations of the New Zealand Government to support and protect the nation's general population.

A full description of any particular government activity may require that a function term be combined with one or more subject terms.

Figure 3-10 below shows the structure of the Functions for New Zealanders Functional Area, incorporating the Functions.

Figure 3 10: Functions for New Zealanders Functional Area

NB: Three Functions appear lower than the rest, this is a layout restriction, and is not intended to designate a hierarchy amongst Functions.

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3.1.1 Assisting

Providing direct or indirect financial assistance in circumstances of adversity, to individuals, families, communities, business, industries or nations.

Subsidising businesses Helping businesses to maintain financial viability when adverse circumstances apply.
INCLUDES: Providing subsidies for existing business, e.g. rating rebates, reducing taxes, subsidising labour etc writing off loans, assisting some failing businesses.
USE FOR: Guaranteeing business loans, Subsidising industry.
Subsidising communities Directly or indirectly subsidising disadvantaged communities or nations.
INCLUDES: providing financial assistance to other countries in times of adversity. May include assisting non-profit organisations working in communities.
Subsidising individual and family income Providing supplementary income or subsidised services to people to bring them up to a minimum standard of living.

Providing income support For those who qualify for assistance, paying welfare benefits and supplementary allowances and compensating for lost earnings.
EXAMPLES: Providing unemployment benefits, caregiver allowances (for caring for children, the sick and disabled), widow/widower benefits, retirement benefits, emergency benefits, including those for the self employed.
USE FOR: Compensating for lost earnings, Paying welfare benefits, Providing accident compensation, Providing personal income compensation, Providing social security entitlements, Supplementing individual and family incomes.
Subsidising social services Providing personal or family support services at reduced or no cost for those who qualify for assistance.
INCLUDES: Subsidising health services, providing accommodation supplements, providing subsidised housing, subsidising support services for children and young people with disabilities, subsidising transport for people with disabilities, providing Legal Aid
EXCLUDES: building accommodation and maintaining it, see 'Providing infrastructure, Building' and 'Providing infrastructure, Maintaining infrastructure systems, maintaining buildings'.
USE FOR: Paying medical treatment costs, Providing accommodation, Providing accommodation supplements, Providing emergency accommodation, Providing housing, Subsidising housing.
Subsidising welfare loans Either providing or guaranteeing loans to cover personal or family costs to people who don't meet commercial lending criteria, and/or providing loans at subsidised or deferred interest rates.
EXAMPLES: housing loans, 'sweat equity', loans for school uniforms, emergency loans e.g. funeral loans
EXCLUDES: Student loans - see 'Enabling, Educating, Funding individual study'.
USE FOR: Guaranteeing welfare loans.

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3.1.2 Authorising

(1) Officially recording information and (2) Giving official permission to carry out activities.

Accrediting The procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that a service or person is competent to carry out specific tasks to a specific standard; approval of a course which meets a specific standard. Includes refusing to grant accreditation.
EXAMPLES: Accrediting a laboratory, a qualification or a course, accrediting agents engaged on specific tasks for government departments, e.g. Land Information New Zealand agents, accrediting a course.
EXCLUDES: recognition of standards, see 'Rulemaking', excludes individuals gaining qualifications, see 'Enabling, Educating, Assessing student achievement' or taking an appeal against refusal to grant accreditation, see 'Upholding the rules, Ensuring compliance, Conducting legal hearings' Excludes revoking accreditation (which may be after taking some form of legal action) see 'Upholding the Rules, Ensuring compliance, Conducting legal hearings'.
USE FOR: Approving courses, Certifying practitioners, Certifying services, Credentialing, Recognising competencies.
Authenticating documents Legal certification by authorised officers that documents are a true and correct record or have been signed by a specific person. EXAMPLE: The work of Justices of the Peace in witnessing signatures.
USE FOR: Certifying documents, Notarising.
Granting consents Granting consents and issuing permits to undertake specific activities with very defined boundaries - where the amount of activity is limited and/or the place of activity is defined. Usually to do with construction according to the building code or use of the environment under the Resource Management Act. Includes refusing to grant consent.
EXAMPLES: Issuing resource consents, issuing building consents. Issuing mining consent, water rights usage, discharge of waste water permits. Also includes the process of hearing submissions related to a specific application for consent.
EXCLUDES: Hearings related to the development of District or Regional Plans, see 'Rulemaking, Developing delegated legislation' or taking an appeal against refusal to grant a permit, see 'Upholding the rules, Ensuring compliance, Conducting legal hearings'.
USE FOR: Administering consents, Granting commercial concessions, Issuing permits.
Registering (1) Making an official record of information about a person or thing, and (2) giving official permission to an individual or organisation to undertake an activity, usually after demonstrating fitness or competence. Includes refusing to register or license.
EXAMPLES: Registering a birth or death, registering a patent, trademark or plant variety, registering a motor vehicle, registering political parties and party logos, enrolling voters, licensing marriage, licensing premises [e.g. a casino], licensing gaming machines, pharmaceuticals, registering a bank, registering securities, registering bird-banding operators, licensing breeders of native birds, registering honorary rangers.
EXCLUDES: Taking an appeal against refusal to grant a permit, see 'Upholding the rules, Ensuring compliance, Conducting legal hearings'.
NOTE: Licensing and registering have been combined to overcome problems arising from two separate meanings of the word 'registering', one of which is interchangeable with licensing. Definition 2 implies the right to undertake the activity on an ongoing basis
USE FOR: Credentialing, Enrolling, Licensing, Warranting.

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3.1.3 Defending

Securing New Zealand against threat of force, protecting the security of strategic and national assets, meeting alliance commitments and contributing to global security.

Conducting military operations Planning, deploying, sustaining and carrying out military operations.
INCLUDES: low level conventional operations, combined operations.
USE FOR: Mobilising armed forces.

Fighting EXAMPLE: Conducting low level conventional operations.
Patrolling EXAMPLE: Maritime patrolling of the exclusive economic zone to make sure other nations do not access resources illegally.
Peacekeeping
EXAMPLES: Monitoring elections overseas, peacekeeping duties in East Timor.
Providing military logistic support

Developing international military relations Negotiating and agreeing mutual defence arrangements with other countries.
EXAMPLES: Australia New Zealand United States alliance (ANZUS), or participating in South Pacific defence treaties, Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) Canberra Pact.
EXCLUDES: International trade treaties, see 'Enabling, Facilitating business development, Negotiating trade conditions'.
USE FOR: Making defence treaties.
Intelligence gathering Collecting and analysing information on potential and actual threats to national security, including for economic and resource security. EXAMPLE: Identifying risks to national security.
USE FOR: Spying, Surveillance.
Maintaining military readiness Developing and maintaining military capability to ensure the armed forces are prepared to conduct operations from an agreed state of readiness and at specific levels of conflict.
EXAMPLES: Holding or running military exercises, providing and maintaining weaponry, maintaining states of readiness such as Operational Level of Capability (OLOC).
EXCLUDES: Training, see 'Enabling, Educating'.

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3.1.4 Enabling

Providing or promoting opportunities to enhance the capability of individuals/families, communities, businesses/industries.

Educating Facilitating the development of, and providing, education and training.
EXCLUDES: determining the need for new qualifications - see 'Policy making'; Excludes disciplining pupils - see 'Upholding the rules'; applying enrolment schemes - see 'Protecting, Managing consumption of resources'; Accrediting providers - see 'Authorising, Accrediting', excludes monitoring examination sites and procedures and National Education Guidelines (NEGS) or National Administration Guidelines (NAGS) - see 'Upholding the rules, monitoring compliance'.
USE FOR: Training.

Assessing student achievement
USE FOR: Assessing competency, Examining student skills, Testing student skills.
Determining qualifications framework Determining which qualifications should become part of the national system, identifying pre-requisite requirements for specific qualifications, and agreeing to them.
EXAMPLES: Skill New Zealand apprenticeship qualification schemes, Conservation Ranger qualifications.
EXCLUDES: Accrediting providers of teaching/training or accrediting courses - see 'Authorising, Accrediting'.
USE FOR: Establishing a qualification.
Developing courses
EXCLUDES: accrediting courses - see 'Authorising, Accrediting'.
Developing curriculum Excludes funding education.
Developing educational resources
USE FOR: Developing course material, Developing learning material, Developing learning resources, Developing teaching materials.
Funding individual study Providing grants, scholarships or loans to assist individuals to undertake a recognised course of study.
INCLUDES: Student loans, study grants, scholarships, e.g. Pacific Island scholarships, Winston Churchill memorial fellowship. Study can be in New Zealand or overseas.
Moderating student assessment system Moderating within a school, moderating across schools, and checking the appropriate level of assessment.
Teaching Delivering any kind of training or teaching, including formal and informal instruction.
EXAMPLES: Training students, training teachers, training principals in management, on-line participation in learning. Delivering youth training, skill enhancement programmes, English for migrants.
USE FOR: Coaching, Delivering courses, Instructing, Mentoring.

Facilitating business development Carrying out activities which will attract business, promoting types of industry, funding or subsidising business research and development and providing a favourable business climate.
USE FOR: Facilitating industry.

Attracting businesses Promoting New Zealand, and individual regions, as good places to set up business, and providing incentives to business. 'Developing the economy' in local government terms, although this has a different meaning at central government level
USE FOR: Attracting industry, Regional development.
Funding business development Providing seed money, guaranteeing startup or expansion loans from banks, providing venture capital, funding research and development.
USE FOR: Funding industrial development.
Negotiating trade conditions
INCLUDES: Negotiating international trade treaties.
Promoting trade Promoting trade in goods and services both internationally and within New Zealand, supporting exporters, carrying out generic marketing of New Zealand as a tourist destination to benefit the industry as a whole, promoting tourism and promoting education for foreign students.
INCLUDES: Holding Trade Fairs, making tourism promotions.
USE FOR: Promoting tourism.
Providing business advice Providing information and suggestions or recommendations to businesses on how to undertake an activity or reach a decision.
USE FOR: Advising, Providing budgeting advice, Providing legal advice.

Facilitating community development Increasing community self sufficiency by providing funding or services for local initiatives.

Funding community groups Providing grants, loans or loan guarantees to recognized community groups to fund local projects.
INCLUDES: projects which promote/increase community self sufficiency, building community capability. Includes provision of grants, loans and loan guarantees.
USE FOR: Guaranteeing loans to community groups.
Providing advice to community groups Providing information and suggestions or recommendations to community groups on how to undertake an activity or reach a decision.
USE FOR: Advising, Providing budgeting advice, Providing legal advice.
Providing services to community groups Supporting local community initiatives by providing facilities, amenities, administrative support - support of all kinds except funding
EXAMPLES: Providing facilities at a 'peppercorn rental', providing administration support to community groups, supporting local community initiatives such as Project Crimson and the Karori Wildlife Sanctuary.

Optimising employment Ensuring the labour market operates to meet New Zealand's employment needs.

Creating jobs
Facilitating job placements Sometimes this is done by central and local government, as well as privately.
Providing career guidance
USE FOR: Career counselling, Career planning.

Promoting participation in society Promoting positive and integrated social development of people into family, peer, school, work and community environments.
EXAMPLES: Migrant and refugee support programmes, interpreting for migrants, building self-esteem programmes (elderly, youth, disadvantaged).
USE FOR: Rehabilitating.

Encouraging participation in the community Ensuring opportunities for people to participate fully in their social environment.
Providing personal advice Providing information and suggestions or recommendations to individuals on how to undertake an activity or reach a decision.
USE FOR: Advising, Counselling, Providing budgeting advice, Providing legal advice.

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3.1.5 Enriching

Developing and enhancing the capability of individuals, families and communities to participate in cultural, recreational and sporting activities.

Holding official ceremonies Arranging and running ceremonial, cultural or civic events in which central or local government plays a prominent part and which celebrate or commemorate aspects of New Zealand life and culture.
EXAMPLES: State ceremonies, the opening of Parliament, cultural ceremonies, investiture ceremonies, wreath laying, civic functions, citizenship ceremonies.
USE FOR: Running events.
Honouring individuals Providing government recognition of individuals who have made contributions to New Zealand as a whole or to their own communities. EXAMPLE: The New Zealand Honours List, creating and maintaining memorials and statues, awarding medals, creating plaques for war graves.
Promoting participation in cultural and leisure activities Promoting the benefits of taking part in or attending cultural, recreational and sporting activities. This may be carried out by advertising or by running events.
EXAMPLES: Wellington City Council promoting recreational activities for women, running Summer City Programmes.
USE FOR: Promoting participation in recreational and sporting activities, Running events.
Providing amenities for cultural and leisure activities Operating and maintaining amenities or facilities for cultural, recreational and sporting activities. EXAMPLE: Running booking systems for eg huts and tracks, maintaining and operating botanic gardens, visitor programmes, maintaining and running sports fields, playgrounds, swimming pools, running libraries, roadside plantings and other beautification programmes.
EXCLUDES: constructing, building or physical maintenance of infrastructure - see 'Providing infrastructure, Building' and 'Providing infrastructure, Maintaining infrastructure systems'.
USE FOR: Facilities management, Providing amenities for recreational and sporting activities.
Providing funding for cultural and leisure activities Giving money to people or organisations to provide, participate in or attend cultural, recreational or sporting activities.
EXAMPLES: Sponsoring festivals or sporting events. Providing grants to artists and athletes, to the symphony orchestra, or the ballet. Some of the grants made by the Lottery Grants Board. Katherine Mansfield scholarship.
EXCLUDES: purchasing services - see 'Administering government, Centralised purchasing' and 'Administering government, Purchasing services'.
USE FOR: Providing funding for recreational and sporting activities, Sponsoring.

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3.1.6 Protecting

Protecting people, communities, businesses and the environment from harm, minimising adverse impacts on them now and in the future and restoring them.

Border control Controlling the passage of people, organisms, primary products and manufactured goods into the country.

Controlling immigration
USE FOR: Granting permanent residence, Issuing entry visas, Processing applications for entry to New Zealand.
Excluding unwanted organisms Preventing introduction of pests and diseases affecting people, primary production, indigenous species or the environment.
INCLUDES: Preventing introduction of foot and mouth disease, or damaging plants, including introduction through imports of meat, meat products and by-products, and animal products and by-products.

Conserving the environment Protection of landscape, natural waterways, marine habitats and their associated indigenous species to prevent exploitation, destruction or neglect and to ensure their continued enjoyment by present and future New Zealanders.
EXCLUDES: Developing district and regional plans - see 'Rulemaking, Developing delegated legislation'. For control of pests and diseases see 'Protecting, Border control, Excluding unwanted organisms' or, if pests and diseases have already entered the country and become established see 'Protecting, Controlling unwanted organisms'. For control of trade in endangered species (inwards and outwards) see 'Upholding the rules, Monitoring compliance''. See also 'Upholding the rules' for applying due process to suspected smuggling of animals and plants.
USE FOR: Preserving the environment, Protecting the environment.

Enhancing ecosystems Carrying out activities to modify a habitat to a better state.
EXAMPLES: Protecting offshore islands, establishing 'mainland islands'.
USE FOR: Controlling predators, Establishing reserves, Improving habitat, Redistributing species, Revegetation.
Maintaining ecosystems Carrying out activities necessary to protect habitat from further deterioration.
EXAMPLES: Excluding weeds, maintaining water levels, cleaning up environmental contamination such as oil spills.
USE FOR: Establishing reserves, Maintaining habitat.
Protecting individual species Carrying out activities to protect indigenous, native and game species.
USE FOR: Operating breeding programmes for endangered species, Redistributing species.

Controlling unwanted organisms Limiting the spread and minimising the impact of established pests and diseases in New Zealand affecting indigenous species, the environment or primary production.
NOTE: 'Biosecurity' is the protection of New Zealand's economy, environment and people's health from pests and diseases. It includes trying to prevent new pests and diseases arriving, and eradicating or controlling those already present.
USE FOR: Pest control.

Containing non-human pests and diseases Carrying out activities to limit the spread of pests and diseases.
EXAMPLES: Restricting movement of stock, monitoring levels of pests, quarantining, running regular pest control maintenance programmes.
USE FOR: Controlling non-human pests and diseases, Issuing animal movement orders, Quarantining, Restricting movement of infected stock.
Exterminating non-human pests and diseases Destroying unwanted organisms, including pests and disease vectors in a confined area, or from New Zealand.
USE FOR: Controlling predators, Eradicating non-human pests and diseases, Pest destruction.
Immunising animals
EXCLUDES: controlling human diseases - see 'Protecting, Providing personal health services' and 'Protecting, Providing public health.
USE FOR: Inoculating animals, Vaccinating animals.

Ensuring personal health Providing health services to individuals and families.
EXCLUDES: Public health, see 'Protecting, Providing public health services'. Excludes purchasing or funding, see 'Administering government'. Excludes registering people or pharmaceuticals, see 'Authorising, registering' Excludes subsidising cost of services or pharmaceuticals, see 'Assisting'.

Medical testing and diagnosing Checking individuals for the suspected presence of biological conditions such as pregnancy, disease or other causes of ill-health or injury, and identifying causative organisms, conditions etc.
EXCLUDES: Mass screening of populations for illnesses or conditions, see 'Protecting, Providing public health services, screening'.
USE FOR: Providing pathology services.
Providing chronic care Providing care that is typically longer term and is intended to maintain or support individuals with chronic conditions or disabilities.
Providing palliative care Providing non-curative but supportive medical care for people with terminal or life-threatening illnesses.
Treating medical conditions Intervening to improve personal physical or mental function after disease or injury, or to treat biological conditions.
INCLUDES: Prescribing pharmaceuticals, nursing, providing dental care, providing medical care, maternity services etc, surgery, paediatrics, treating acute mental illness, treating drug overdoses etc.
EXCLUDES: Palliative care, see 'Protecting, Ensuring personal health, Providing palliative care'.
USE FOR: Nursing, Performing surgery, Prescribing, Providing clinical services, Referring patients, Rehabilitating.

Ensuring public safety Protecting the public from loss and injury.
EXAMPLES: Aid to the civil power by military forces and others.

Censoring
USE FOR: Banning, Classifying, Expurgating.
Mitigating hazards Preventing or reducing the potential impact of accidents, incidents and emergencies.
EXAMPLES: upgrading stop banks for flood protection, ensuring land use is appropriate, running breathalyser campaigns, improving road safety, New Zealand Defence Force upgrading work on the Desert Road, installing smoke detectors, avalanche control, planning for emergency use of conservation huts.
USE FOR: Disaster recovery planning, Minimizing harm, Minimizing natural disasters.
Preventing crime Carrying out activities which protect people and their property from harm by other people.
EXAMPLES: Community policing, local patrolling, teen policing, providing and monitoring security cameras, neighbourhood watch. EXCLUDES educating the public about crime, see 'Informing, publicising' for campaigns and/or 'Enabling, Educating, Teaching'.
USE FOR: Community policing, Policing.
Providing emergency services Voluntary, civil and military agencies providing swift response to imminent and actual accidents, incidents and emergencies to minimize harm.
EXAMPLES: Providing ambulances, fire services, search and rescue, civil defence. Also includes declaring a state of civil emergency, providing cyclone relief in the Pacific Islands and in New Zealand, the military providing an Accident Fire Service in Waiouru. Covers both emergency service readiness and the delivery of services.
USE FOR: Delivering civil defence, Emergency management, Providing aid to the civil power, Providing civil defence.

Granting citizenship Conferring citizenship by grant on people who qualify by criteria other than birth or descent. Includes taking the oath of allegiance by non-commonwealth citizens.
Managing consumption of resources Limiting and/or sharing out the use of resources.
EXAMPLES: Sharing out use of radio frequencies, water, fisheries, minerals, imposing bag limits, sharing out water rights, allocating election broadcasting time and funds to political parties.

Allocating resource Managing access to a resource through processes such as tendering, direct sale, waiting list management or some other means. Tendering fishing quota, establishing and managing health waiting lists, establishing school zones and applying them to pupil selection, applying mechanisms for shared use of inter-agency inventories.
USE FOR: Rationing, Tendering, Zoning.
Establishing available resource Identifying the amount of a resource available for sharing out. Establishing fishing quota, allocating finite funding to identified health services, e.g. so many hip operations, identifying inter-agency resource inventories, Identifying strategic resources such as coal reserves, petroleum reserves etc.

Protecting business Protecting business from overseas competition.
NOTE: It is illegal to protect business at a local or regional level from other businesses operating in New Zealand (Commerce Act).
USE FOR: Protecting industry.
Protecting heritage Acting to ensure the safety of historic and cultural resources and minimise their loss or deterioration.
EXAMPLES: Preserving library and museum items including military museum items, archives, historic buildings and archaeological sites, the preservation work of the War Graves division of Internal Affairs.
USE FOR: Conserving heritage, Preserving heritage.
Providing protective care for the vulnerable Making arrangements for and delivering safe care for people who are not fully able to care for themselves.

Adopting Arranging and approving adoptions.
Providing residential care Running accommodation and providing supervised care for people who are unable fully to care for themselves.
Supporting community care Organising care arrangements for children and adults at risk of harm.
EXAMPLES: Removing at risk children from the home and finding them a care placement, fostering, committal of someone under the Mental Health Act, respite care for caregivers.
EXCLUDES: Taking out protection orders, see 'Upholding the rules', excludes funding other organisations to provide care, see 'Administering government, Managing public finances, Purchasing services for the public'.
USE FOR: Committing under Mental Health Act.

Providing public health services Protecting and improving community health, where the focus is on a sector of the community rather than the individual. The activity is usually initiated by the health service provider, not individuals. The object is to prevent illness or intervene to minimise illness.
EXAMPLES: Restoring contaminated sites, providing immunisation programmes, running screening programmes, controlling pests and diseases that are hazardous to humans, managing substances and new organisms that are hazardous to humans, invoking emergency powers under the Health Act, immunising, reducing smoking, collecting rubbish.
USE FOR: Ensuring public health.

Disposing of animal remains Burial, cremation or otherwise disposing of dead animals.
USE FOR: Burying animal remains, Disinterring animal remains, Interring animal remains.
Disposing of human remains Burial or cremation of people after death.
USE FOR: Burying human remains, Cremating, Disinterring human remains, Interring human remains.
Disposing of waste Collecting, treating and getting rid of waste and effluent.
EXAMPLES: Rubbish collection, waste disposal, managing stormwater runoff and treating sewage, hazardous waste disposal, operating landfills, recycling waste.
USE FOR: Recycling, Treating waste.
Immunising people
USE FOR: Innoculating people, Vaccinating people.
Promoting good health Undertaking sector-based programmes to improve the health of people by altering behaviour.
EXAMPLES: Running the DARE programme, the Push Play programme, running youth suicide prevention programmes, running smoking cessation programmes.
USE FOR: Encouraging safe health practices, Preventing self harm, Promoting mental health, Promoting physical health.
Reducing health risks to people Undertaking programmes to maintain and improve the safety of people's living and working environments.
EXAMPLES: Fluoridation, treating water supply, ensuring child safety, occupational safety, industrial safety, transport safety, cleaning up contamination, running clean air programmes, preventing contamination of water supply, eradicating or limiting organisms that spread diseases to people, cleaning up or containing toxic chemical spills.
USE FOR: Encouraging safe health practices, Making the environment safe.
Screening for disease Examining individuals in targeted sectors of the human population to detect the incidence of illnesses or of conditions that threaten human health.
EXAMPLES: Screening for melanoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, tuberculosis.

Providing records of personal identity Supplying and authenticating documents relating to the identity of New Zealand citizens or residents.

Supplying identity documents Supplying documents that are evidence of personal existence or status.
EXAMPLES: Supplying birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates.
EXCLUDES: Registering births, marriages and deaths, see 'Authorising, Registering'.
Supplying travel documents Supplying documents to enable New Zealand citizens or residents to travel overseas.
EXAMPLES: Issuing passports and emergency travel documents.
USE FOR: Issuing emergency travel documents, Issuing passports.

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3.1.7 Providing infrastructure

Ensuring the underlying foundation exists to enable the country to operate
EXCLUDES: funding, see 'Administering government, Managing public finances, Managing budget cycle ', excludes providing open spaces, see 'Enriching, providing amenities for cultural and leisure activities', excludes flood control/preventative works, see 'Protecting, Ensuring public safety, Mitigating hazards'.

Building Constructing public works, public buildings, public amenities and state or council housing.
INCLUDES: building hospitals and schools, constructing roads, constructing civic and community buildings, constructing parks, constructing playgrounds, constructing huts and tracks, building swimming pools, building libraries, building housing, building dams and power stations.
NOTE: developing the energy network itself goes in 'Providing infrastructure, Establishing infrastructure systems', while maintaining the system is dealt with under Providing infrastructure, Maintaining infrastructure systems, Maintaining networks'.
USE FOR: Constructing public works.
Decommissioning infrastructure Removing infrastructure systems, structures or equipment from active use, either by demolition or by standing down from service.
EXCLUDES: privatising, see 'Administering government, Structuring government, Privatising'.
USE FOR: Disabling infrastructure, Disestablishing infrastructure, Mothballing infrastructure.
Establishing infrastructure systems Designing, implementing and extending the coverage of systems and equipment in order to deliver infrastructure services.
INCLUDES: Setting up or reconfiguring national grid. Developing waste water system, developing public transport systems, water supply system or energy supply networks. Developing communications networks, street lighting and parking, developing harbours and airports, air traffic control systems, developing the roading network.
USE FOR: Acquiring land for public works, Compulsory purchase, Eminent domain.
Establishing monetary control mechanisms Designing and extending the coverage of systems and instruments to implement monetary policy.
Identifying locations Establishing and implementing common systems for naming or numbering physical features. Unique and non-unique identifiers for physical features.
EXAMPLES: Establishing street and place names, the Global Positioning System
Maintaining infrastructure systems Operating established infrastructure systems, operating and maintaining physical structures and equipment, and/or increasing their capacity, improving their quality, or monitoring their operation.

Implementing monetary policy Taking action to affect monetary and other financial conditions.
EXAMPLES: setting the official cash rate, inflation control, delivering price stability, setting inflation policy targets.
Issuing currency
USE FOR: Minting, Printing money.
Maintaining buildings and amenities Carrying out repairs, painting, updating building services.
USE FOR: Repairing buildings and amenities.
Maintaining networks Monitoring and operating existing networks to ensure they continue to work effectively.
EXAMPLES: Investigating radio frequency interference.
Managing foreign exchange Dealing in foreign exchange, fixing exchange rates.
Overseeing the financial system Supervising operations of banks to maintain a sound financial system, and providing central banking services to other banks.
EXCLUDES: Setting up a government bank providing services to the public in competition with other banks, see 'Administering government, Corporate management, Running commercial enterprises'.

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3.1.8 Representing

Providing the democratic process for electing citizens to public office. Providing a mechanism to represent New Zealand officially overseas. Providing a means of representing the interests of specific groups in the community.
EXCLUDES: enrolling voters or registering political parties, see 'Authorising, Registering', excludes allocating election broadcasting time and funds to political parties, see 'Protecting, Managing consumption of resources'.

Interest group advocacy Identifying the needs of a particular interest group and acting on their behalf.
EXAMPLE: The advocacy activities of agencies whose function is to represent the interests of specific groups such as: Te Puni Kokiri, Ministry of Women's Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs, Commissioner for Children.
USE FOR: Advocating for interest groups.
Maintaining electoral process Providing the framework to enable voters to vote.

Determining electoral boundaries EXAMPLE: The work of the Representation Commission.
Determining the electoral system Setting up the electoral system and carrying out changes to the system to implement agreed policy and legislative change.
Holding elections
INCLUDES: by-elections, central government elections, local government elections, school board elections and health board elections, the work of the Electoral Commission.
USE FOR: Overseeing voting in elections.
Holding referenda EXAMPLE: Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) referendum.
USE FOR: Overseeing voting in referenda.

Representing New Zealand internationally Conducting the government's business with foreign countries and their governments, and with international organisations overseas. Maintaining New Zealand's international relations.

International representation Representing New Zealand in international negotiations and at meetings of international organisations.
INCLUDES: Government ministers or officials representing New Zealand at international conferences, United Nations, international commissions, includes representatives with particular areas of expertise e.g. conservation, agriculture.
EXCLUDES: negotiating treaties, see 'Defending, Making military alliances' and 'Enabling, Facilitating business development, Negotiating trade conditions'.
Providing diplomatic services Providing an official New Zealand presence in other countries.
Recognising diplomatic credentials Formally recognising diplomatic representatives from other countries. Need not be in New Zealand, but have been assigned coverage by their country (e.g. could be in Australia).

Representing constituents Identifying what the people you are elected to represent want and acting on their behalf.
USE FOR: Representing ratepayers.

Advocating for constituents
USE FOR: Advocating for ratepayers.
Communicating with constituents EXCLUDES Ministerials, see 'Informing, Providing access to information, Answering information requests'.
USE FOR: Communicating with ratepayers.

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3.1.9 Upholding the rules

Maintaining the framework under which society operates by promoting compliance with and enforcing the rules and providing a mechanism for disputes resolution.

Enforcing legal sanctions and remedies Ensuring that decided outcomes are carried out.
USE FOR: Making reparation, Punishing, Supervising punishment.

Applying monetary sanctions Collecting fines or legal costs.
EXAMPLES: Collecting fines and court directed costs, collecting reparation and infringement payments.
USE FOR: Fining.
Deporting Removing a non-citizen from New Zealand.
EXAMPLES: removing illegal migrants or residents who have served criminal sentences.
USE FOR: Serving a removal order.
Enforcing custodial punishment Monitoring and overseeing conditions that are custodial or have the potential to be custodial if conditions are not met.
EXAMPLES: Supervising prisoners, periodic detention, probationers, parolees, home detainees, diversion, suspended sentences.
USE FOR: Imprisoning.
Enforcing legally required actions Directing the carrying out of remedial or punitive actions which do not involve monetary sanctions or custodial punishments.
EXAMPLES: Selling guns, splitting a company, sharing custody of children, divesting shares, the work of the bailiff, supervising de-registration or de-accreditation, gazetting, enforcing protection orders, upholding international sanctions, seizing or impounding equipment or goods as a forfeit. Preventing travel out of New Zealand, e.g. by children who are the subject of custody agreements.
USE FOR: Banning, Disciplinary suspension, Expulsion, Impounding.
Extraditing Removing a person from New Zealand to stand trial or serve a sentence in another national jurisdiction. Removing a person from another jurisdiction to stand trial or serve a sentence in New Zealand.
EXAMPLES: Extraditing illegal migrants or residents who have served sentences.
Granting parole This is not the same as supervising parole.

Ensuring compliance Applying due process of the law and determining outcomes.

Conducting legal hearings The process of preparing for and conducting a hearing, dispute or court case.
INCLUDES: Summonsing, empanelling a jury, preparing cases, conducting a case, holding a trial, hearing appeals, hearing disputes, hearing claims. Includes hearings by the Waitangi Tribunal, Maori Land Court, Maori Appellate Court, and the Family Court. Includes both criminal and civil proceedings.
USE FOR: Conducting Court hearings, Empanelling a jury, Hearing disputes, Holding a trial, Preparing court cases, Summonsing.
Detaining Temporary detention of people or property as part of an investigation, including during a hearing.
INCLUDES: arresting, granting bail, detaining before or during a trial, seizing or impounding equipment or goods temporarily e.g. impounding stock, arresting illegal fishers.
USE FOR: Arresting, Distraining, Granting bail, Impounding, Remanding in custody, Seizing goods.
Determining legal sanctions and remedies Deciding an appropriate form of remedial action, eg punishment, reparation or sanction.
EXAMPLES: Sentencing, awarding, ordering, imposing fines, issuing notices (eg by building inspectors), suspension of licence, determining international sanctions. May also be an outcome of inspecting, without there having been a hearing.
USE FOR: Pardoning.
Resolving disputes Making or recommending decisions about disputes, court cases or claims between parties (one of whom could be the Crown).
INCLUDES: Waitangi Tribunal recommendations, criminal court cases, civil court cases, Family court conference decisions, judicial decision making.
USE FOR: Arbitrating, Mediating, Settling claims.

Interpreting the law Saying how the law may apply in particular circumstances.

Developing case law Using previous judgments as precedents in court cases or as a basis for possible changes in the law. EXAMPLE: Establishing precedents.
USE FOR: Establishing legal precedents.
Developing legal opinions Creating formal statements on how the law may apply to a given situation.
EXAMPLES: Providing Crown Law opinions, creating case notes, clarifying copyright law
EXCLUDES: giving general (non-specific) legal advice to the public - see 'Informing, Providing access to information, Answering information requests' and 'Informing, Providing access to information, Publicising'.

Monitoring compliance Checking to see whether rules have been complied with and investigating possible breaches.

Inspecting Programmed inspecting, in both the public and private sectors, to determine whether rules are being obeyed and standards are being met. Includes inspecting activities, procedures or equipment and associated documentation.
EXAMPLES: Occupational Safety and Health scheduled inspections, Fire Service inspections, checking political parties' returns for compliance, checking weighing machines used for trade, monitoring product safety, inspections of produce for export, customs inspections to monitor the restricted entry and exit of goods, animals and plants, protected species, contraband (including prohibited substances) and indecent publications.
EXCLUDES: auditing government agency administration and work of Audit New Zealand, see 'Administering government, Ensuring accountability, External auditing'. Excludes skills testing, see 'Enabling, Educating, Assessing student achievement'.
Investigating incidents Reactive, probing the circumstances around a particular incident to discover whether a breach of the rules has been committed.
INCLUDES: detective work, Occupational Safety and Health investigating an industrial accident, air accident investigations, Ombudsman's investigations, investigations by the Police Complaints Authority, instigating the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 'Traceback' system in response to an incident or scare
USE FOR: Detecting, Investigating accidents, Investigating breaches.

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3.2 Support Functions Functional Area

The Support Functions Functional Area provides the critical policy, programmatic and managerial foundation activities to support government activities involving New Zealand individuals, businesses and other organisations.

A full description of any particular support activity may require that a function term be combined with one or more subject terms.

Figure 3-11 below illustrates the Lines of Business and Business Capabilities in this Business Area.

Figure 3 11: Support Functions Functional Area

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3.2.1 Informing

Discovering, collecting, processing, analysing, maintaining and disseminating information.

Analysing information Interpreting data/information and converting it into usable content.
INCLUDES: Creating reports, maps, charts, graphs, diagrams and statistical tables.
USE FOR: Charting, Converting data, Interpreting data, Mapping, Quantitative analysis.
Collecting information Actively seeking out data or requiring people to provide information which will be used for government purposes, including the purpose of providing public access.
USE FOR: Gathering information.

Building informative collections Systematically gathering available resources to make a focused collection of objects or information.
EXAMPLES: Making collections of written material, visual and audio material, cultural objects, artworks, animal plant and mineral specimens, historical material, artefacts.
USE FOR: Archiving.
Gathering data Collecting facts (especially quantitative facts) together for later analysis and use.
EXAMPLES: collecting statistics such as the census of population, interviewing and administering questionnaires, questioning people, measuring or surveying physical formations or flora and fauna.
USE FOR: Carrying out surveys, Collecting data, Measuring.
Searching out existing information Identifying information which has previously been collected, analysed and reported on and which will provide a background to a new piece of work. EXAMPLE: literature reviews carried out to obtain background information.

Maintaining information Storing and managing collected information to retain accuracy, confidentiality, authenticity and usefulness and to prevent degradation.
EXCLUDES: Describing it to help others find it, see 'Informing, Providing access to information, Creating finding aids'.
USE FOR: Accessioning, Archiving, Processing information, Storing information.
Providing access to information Selecting and preparing information for distribution, using it to answer queries, making it available, or distributing it.
USE FOR: Distributing information.

Answering information requests Providing information in response to specific requests.
EXAMPLES: providing information about electoral matters, providing visitor and public information services, providing adoption information, providing general legal advice (for legal opinions see 'Upholding the rules, Interpreting the law, Developing legal opinions'). Use for answering Official Information Act requests, ministerials, mayorals, and Questions in the House.
USE FOR: Advising, Answering Mayorals, Answering Ministerials, Answering Prime Ministerials, Answering queries from the public, Responding to official information requests.
Creating finding aids Describing objects or information in a systematic way, and creating systems to search for and retrieve that information.
USE FOR: Accessioning, Cataloguing, Classifying, Creating metadata, Indexing.
Making information available Ensuring information available for public inspection or use without distributing it.
INCLUDES: making electoral rolls available, providing read-only access to Statistics New Zealand databases, providing access to a database through a website.
Providing policy briefings Briefing ministers, elected representatives, Mayors and councillors and officials on existing policy.
EXCLUDES: providing advice to the public or to other agencies (use 'Answering information requests').
USE FOR: Advising, Advising ministers.
Publicising Actively promoting or advertising government activity, bringing it to public notice.
EXAMPLES: Creating publicity or information campaigns, issuing press releases, advertising, giving speeches (at conferences etc).
USE FOR: Advertising, Making speeches, Marketing.
Publishing Issuing information to the public in paper or electronic formats.

Researching Detailed study of a subject especially in order to discover new information or reach a new understanding. Government carries out research, funds others to do research and does research in partnership with others.
EXCLUDES: applying research - this is dealt with under the appropriate functions.

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3.2.2 Policy making

Creating or reviewing strategies and directions for the future, that apply OUTSIDE the creating organisation(s).
INCLUDES: Policy making at Cabinet level, developing policy at all levels within an organisation.
EXCLUDES: Restructuring, even between agencies - see 'Administering government, Structuring government, Restructuring government sector', excludes monitoring the implementation of policy, excludes 'how to' guidelines, see 'Rulemaking, Developing service delivery procedures' or 'Administering Government, Ensuring accountability, Developing government sector procedures'.

Consulting on policy Seeking input from interested parties. Collating, analysing and presenting responses.
INCLUDES: Inter-departmental consultation, sector consultation, public consultation.
USE FOR: Making submissions on policy, Seeking secondary opinions on financial implications of policy.
Creating draft policy Analysing possible options and developing potential policy.
INCLUDES: government green papers, Cabinet Papers, Cabinet minutes, Cabinet briefs.
EXCLUDES: carrying out information analysis and research, see 'Informing'.
Evaluating policy Evaluating the effectiveness of policy implementation either by the implementing agency or an external agency. May well lead to the start of a fresh round of policy development.
Exploring policy options Identifying the need for policy and recommending possible directions for government to consider. May include consideration of the work of Royal Commissions or Committees of Enquiry such as the Tax Review 2001 - they make recommendations but don't set policy. Cabinet and Select Committees have responsibility for policy initiatives in government - officials provide input from the bottom up.
Finalising policy Determining the shape of final policy and approving it.
INCLUDES: finalising and approving (seeking approval for) Cabinet policy.
USE FOR: Approving policy.
Planning for policy implementation Preparing strategies and planning how to put policy into practice. EXAMPLE: Developing conservation management strategies and plans, workforce planning to ensure that there are sufficient skilled people to run business and government, infrastructure planning
EXCLUDES: carrying out the plans, for which use other functions as appropriate. Excludes developing procedures, see 'Rulemaking, Developing service delivery procedures'.
USE FOR: Strategic planning.

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3.2.3 Rulemaking

Reviewing and consulting on existing or intended legislation. Drafting, passing and promulgating legislation. Developing the rules mandated by legislation and agreed policy See also: 'Upholding the rules'.
USE FOR: Lawmaking, Mandating, Regulating.

Developing delegated legislation Developing the rules outside of Parliament that have the force of law.

Bringing delegated legislation into force Carrying out the actions needed to adopt rules which have the force of law but which do not go through Parliament.
INCLUDES: passing, issuing or notifying statutory instruments: regulations, Orders in Council (signed by Governor-General), Codes of Practice, Building Code, local government District Plans, local government by-laws, Special Orders in Council (at local government level), and mandated standards. Includes gazetting or formal publication but not generally making copies available for information, see 'Informing, Providing access to information, Publishing'.
USE FOR: Gazetting delegated legislation.
Drafting delegated legislation Drafting rules which have the force of law but which do not go through Parliament.
INCLUDES: Drafting regulations, Orders in Council, Codes of Practice, Building Code, local government District Plans, local government by-laws.
EXCLUDES: Informing people about legislation - see 'Informing, Providing access to information, Answering information requests'. Excludes developing case law - see 'Upholding the rules, Interpreting the law, Developing case law'.
USE FOR: Developing mandated standards, Drafting Orders in Council, Drafting statutory instruments, Writing bylaws.

Developing service delivery procedures Creating guidelines on how to implement service delivery, to ensure that government agencies act within the boundaries of legislation, delegated legislation, Treaty of Waitangi obligations and agreed policy.
EXAMPLES: Developing immigration manual, Health Board rules on waiting list management, school rules, and the approved 'style' of delivery.
EXCLUDES: administrative guidelines used only within an organisation, see 'Administering government, Corporate management [internal], Administration [internal]' or administrative guidelines used throughout the government sector - see 'Administering government, Ensuring accountability, Developing government sector procedures', excludes developing strategic plans, see 'Policy making, Planning for policy implementation'.
Legislating in Parliament The process of drafting and passing legislation through Parliament.

Drafting parliamentary legislation Drafting instructions for and drafting bills to go through Parliament, including Private Members Bills and Local Bills.
USE FOR: Drafting instructions for legislation, Select committee hearings, Writing legislation.
Passing parliamentary legislation Introducing bills, debating bills in the House, reviewing bills in Select Committees through to the final reading and final vote stages. Includes getting a bill into the Legislative Programme.
INCLUDES: working with Bills, Supplementary Order papers which contain alterations to legislation, legislating to ratify international treaties and conventions.
EXCLUDES: Order Papers not dealing with legislation, see 'Administering government'.
USE FOR: Making submissions on legislation.
Promulgating laws Signing of passed legislation into law by the monarch or their representative, the Governor General.
USE FOR: Assenting to legislation, Enacting legislation.

Reviewing rules Assessing the need for, and consulting on, existing or intended legislation or non-legislative rules.
INCLUDES: The Law Commission reviewing legislation, departmental reviewing of legislation administered by them, Select Committee reviewing of specific legislation. May include an element of consultation as to whether or not there is a need to change the law or non-legislative rules.
USE FOR: Law reform, Making submissions on legislation, Reviewing legislation.

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3.3 Management of Government Resources Business Area

The Management of Government Resources Business area refers to the government functions that enable the government to operate effectively and efficiently.

A full description of any particular support activity may require that a function term be combined with one or more subject terms.

Figure 3-12 illustrates the Lines of Business and Business Capabilities in this Business Area.

Figure 3 12 Management of Government Resources Business Area

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3.3.1 Administering government

Ensuring that the government has the capacity to manage the country, and carrying out the administrative processes associated with managing the country.

Corporate management (Internal) Managing the organisation's own corporate body.
EXCLUDES: Appointing Chief Executives, judges, commissioners and setting their remuneration see - 'Administering government, Appointing to senior or statutory positions' and 'Administering government, External setting of remuneration'. Excludes operational procedures and guidelines - see 'Rulemaking'.

Administration (Internal) Managing agency property and facilities and developing and applying administrative procedures and guidelines applying only within the organisation and the normal range of administrative tasks associated with running an organisation.
USE FOR: Facilities management, Property management.
Financial management (Internal) Running the financial internal control systems of an agency, including processing revenue and expenditure, maintaining a general ledger, and internal budgeting.
INCLUDES: Corporate internal purchasing of goods and services for use within the organisation concerned, managing accounts payable and accounts receivable, running the usual accounting needs of the organisation.
EXCLUDES: participating in the government budget cycle, centralised purchasing or purchasing services to deliver outputs, for which use 'Managing the budget cycle', 'Centralised purchasing' and 'Purchasing services for the public' respectively.
USE FOR: Accounting, Acquisitions, Contracting out, E-procurement, Outsourcing, Procurement, Tendering.
Human resource management (Internal) Recruiting staff, setting remuneration levels, conditions of employment, training and development, and managing performance of all staff below Chief Executive level.
INCLUDES: Secondments, staff exchanges, establishing pay levels and allowances, including military in-service allowances and grants, payroll.
EXCLUDES: Setting salaries of senior or statutory appointment, although payroll will usually include them.
USE FOR: Enlisting in armed forces, Paying allowances, Paying salaries, Paying staff, Paying wages, Personnel management (Internal), Recruiting, Seconding staff, Setting staff salaries.
Information management (Internal) Developing and operating systems, practices and technologies to manage information content produced by an organisation or used by an organisation in the course of its administration.
EXAMPLES: Records management, Information technology - IT.
USE FOR: Classifying, Knowledge management, Record keeping.
Risk management (Internal) Identifying possible financial and other risks within an agency and putting strategies in place to manage those risks, including insuring, internal auditing, and developing risk management strategies.
INCLUDES: insurance arrangements, business continuity arrangements, organisational liability management, monitoring contract performance.
USE FOR: Auditing, Disaster recovery planning, Insuring, Public sector assurance.

Ensuring accountability Setting up the requirements within which government bodies must act and monitoring their performance.
USE FOR: Accounting, Auditing.

Accountability reporting Reporting outside the organisation as required by established accountability mechanisms, including reporting on obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi.
EXAMPLES: Reporting to Parliament (e.g. Departmental Annual Reports tabled in Parliament, Select Committee reports to Parliament), Cabinet, Ministers, Mayors and Councillors of local bodies.
Delegating Creating and maintaining formal delegation systems between elected bodies and government agencies.
EXAMPLES: Cabinet delegations to Ministers, Ministerial delegations to Chief Executives, Chief Executive delegations to Senior Managers, delegations created by legislation, e.g. Commerce Commission delegated powers to set prices.
Developing government sector procedures Creating administrative procedures which apply across government agencies.
EXAMPLES: Cabinet Manual, Treasury Instructions, State Services Commission guidelines, cross agency purchasing guidelines.
NOTE: These procedures are administrative, not operational.
External auditing Finance and performance auditing of government agencies by external auditors.
INCLUDES: Audit New Zealand audits, or contracted auditors acting for government, Te Puni Kokiri audits of government departmental responsiveness to Maori, enquiries into an agency's performance.
EXCLUDES: Inspecting for compliance, e.g. by the Education Review Office - see 'Upholding the rules, Inspecting'.
Setting accountability requirements Establishing reporting processes to meet requirements of legislation or government policy. Examples: Establishing purchase agreements, establishing appropriate reporting formats to meet requirements as defined under acts such as the Public Finance Act and the State Sector Act, Local Government Act, agency creating acts, establishing requirements to meet Treaty of Waitangi obligations.

Implementing Treaty of Waitangi Carrying out measures which implement the provisions of the Treaty of Waitangi. For setting accountability requirements under the Treaty of Waitangi, see 'Administering Government, Ensuring accountability, Setting accountability requirements'. For reporting under the Treaty of Waitangi, see 'Administering government, Ensuring accountability, Accountability reporting'.
Managing public finances Managing the processes by which government raises, manages and disburses funds, manages debts and assets and purchases services across government.
USE FOR: Accounting, Auditing.

Centralised purchasing Collective or externally controlled selection and contracting for goods and services.
EXAMPLES: e-procurement, centralised purchasing by government agencies, the work of the acquisitions group in Ministry of Defence, pharmaceuticals purchasing, purchasing through 'government stores board' if it were to be re-created.
EXCLUDES: Commercial activities some local bodies and government agencies undertake in competition with the private sector, see - 'Administering government, Running commercial enterprises'.
USE FOR: Acquisitions, Collective tendering, E-procurement, Procurement, Tendering.
Managing public assets Managing assets and managing and investing cash, funds and unclaimed monies in New Zealand and overseas. EXAMPLE: Managing cash, funds, investing; managing unclaimed monies, disposing of Crown assets e.g. land sales, managing public surpluses, managing the Land Acquisition Fund. Applies both to New Zealand and overseas assets
EXCLUDES: selling a government business, see - 'Administering government, Structuring government, Privatising'.
USE FOR: Asset sales, Disposing of assets, Investing, Selling assets.
Managing public debt Borrowing money to finance government activities, and managing repayment of those loans.
INCLUDES: borrowing, including the work of the Reserve Bank acting as agent for Debt Management Office of Treasury.
USE FOR: Borrowing by the Crown.
Managing public liabilities Identifying possible financial risks to government and putting strategies in place to manage those risks.
EXAMPLES: Managing Accident Corporation claims, managing the earthquake insurance scheme, dealing with claims against the Crown and claims under the Treaty of Waitangi.
Managing the budget cycle Centralised process of estimating and allocating budgets, to which each agency contributes, and which is controlled by central agencies.
EXAMPLES: carrying out budget/vote/appropriation rounds, providing Treasury secondary opinions, the Estimates process.
EXCLUDES: performing a service, managing the machinery of government.
USE FOR: Allocating budget, Appropriations, Budget vote allocation, Government spending, Preparing budget estimates, Preparing economic and fiscal updates, Public expenditure.
Purchasing services for the public Individual agencies purchasing services from providers to deliver outputs to the public.
USE FOR: Contracting out, E-procurement, Outsourcing, Procurement, Tendering.
Revenue gathering Gathering income for government by means of taxes, rates, and profit returns.
EXAMPLES: Collecting income tax, goods and services tax, fringe benefit tax, local body rates, consumption taxes such as tobacco and alcohol taxes, seigneuring (Reserve Bank) and imposing import tariffs.
EXCLUDES: charges for services (recovery costs), e.g. the cost of sitting for a driver's licence.
USE FOR: Collecting revenue, Levying, Rating property, Seigneuring, Taxing.

Providing secretariat Providing administrative support to other government organisations, committees and elected bodies.
INCLUDES: Recording proceedings, running meetings of elected bodies. Servicing carried out by Lottery Grants division of Internal Affairs, providing secretariat of Representation Commission and Overseas Investment Commission, services provided to visiting dignitaries.
EXCLUDES: providing administrative or secretariat services to non-government organisations, community groups etc - see 'Enabling, Facilitating community development, Providing services to community groups'.
USE FOR: Administrative support of other government agencies.
Running commercial enterprises Provision and sale of goods and services by government, usually for profit, in activities that could be undertaken by the private sector.
EXAMPLES: running Solid Energy, council owned quarries, some Crown Owned Companies, some Local Authority Trading Enterprises where they are not infrastructure. Commercial activities some local councils and government agencies undertake in competition with the private sector e.g. managing a forest, selling education services to foreign students.
Structuring government Determining the overall structure of government agencies and bodies, reviewing and changing the structure, allocating functions to agencies. Includes the Executive, the Judiciary, the legislature and Parliament.

Appointing to senior or statutory positions Appointing to senior positions in an organisation, or to positions on statutory boards, by an external agent such as a Minister of the Crown or State Services Commissioner.
EXAMPLES: Appointments to the New Zealand Conservation Authority by the Minister of Conservation, appointing judges.
USE FOR: Appointing Chief Executives, Appointing judges to the bench, Recruiting.
Establishing judiciary Establishing the jurisdictional powers and hierarchy of the Courts and the status of the judiciary, as prescribed by convention and statute.
USE FOR: Establishing courts.
Establishing representative bodies Setting in place and providing for the continuing existence of Parliament, and of territorial authorities. EXAMPLE: Parliament, Mayors and Councillors.
Establishing the Head of State Setting in place and providing for continuity of the Head of State and their representatives.
EXAMPLES: Transferring the functions of the monarch on their death, recommending Governor General.
External setting of remuneration Reviewing, recommending and setting the remuneration of senior or statutory positions from outside the agency that has those positions. EXAMPLE: Entities and mechanisms for conducting hearings and reviews.
USE FOR: Setting higher salaries.
Forming the government Determining which political party or parties have the confidence of Parliament. Appointment of Prime Minister and ministers by Governor General. EXAMPLE: Establishing a coalition government.
Nationalising Converting from private to government ownership.
EXAMPLES: Buying back railways or electricity generation companies.
Privatising Selling a functioning organisation, or part of an organisation, usually as a going concern. EXAMPLE: Selling Terralink
EXCLUDES: Buying and selling property.
Restructuring government sector Moving government functions between existing or to new government agencies, sharing functions under new arrangements, and setting up new government organisations to carry out specific identified functions Local Government Commission restructuring local government.
USE FOR: Amalgamating government agencies, Establishing new government agencies, Rationalising government structures, Realigning government structures, Setting up new government agencies.

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3.4 Subjects of New Zealand Government

The Broad Subject Terms can be considered to describe the possible scope of government functions The Narrow Subject Terms describe a specific subject upon which a government function or sub-function is focused.

A full description of any particular government activity may require that a function term be combined with one or more subject terms.

For the purposes of the Business Reference Model, the Subjects have been placed into seven categories. Each category describes a facet of a New Zealander’s interaction with government. The Subjects describe the Resources involved, the motivations^¹¹ of the New Zealander, the condition of the New Zealander (or their circumstances), the activity the New Zealander is engaged in, and the characteristics of the New Zealander. These facets set the context for the government function and can determine the behaviour and outcome of the function.

The Subjects follow their dictionary definitions and so some subject terms could fall under multiple categories. Subjects have been placed into categories that are consistent with their ‘used for’, ‘related terms’ and ‘broad terms’ specifications in SONZ.

Figure 3-13 below illustrates the Narrow Subject Terms in this Broad subject Term.

Figure 3 13: Subjects for New Zealanders

NB: Two Subjects appear lower than the rest, this is a layout restriction, and is not intended to designate a hierarchy amongst Subjects.

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3.5 Party

Party - person, profession, role, business, etc - involved in a government function - either directly, or involved in a secondary way. The government is also considered a party.

Air traffic control Related term: Airports, Aviation
Airlines Related term: Aviation
Apprenticeships Use for: Apprentices Related term: Employment, Labour force, Vocational education
Armed forces Use for: Military forces Related term: Armed conflict, Conscientious objectors, Courts martial, Defence, Military bases, Military equipment, Military exercises, National service, War veterans Narrower Terms: Air force Army Territorial army Mercenaries Navy Naval reserve
Athletes Use for: Sportsmen, Sportswomen Related term: Athletics, Occupations, Sports
Babies Use for: Infants Related term: Age, Birth, Breastfeeding, Children, Sudden infant death syndrome
Bailiffs Related term: Courts, Repossession orders
Beneficiaries Related term: Social security
Caregivers Related term: Dependants, Disabilities, Foster care, Guardianship, Home care, Parents, Respite care
Celebrants Use for: Civil union celebrants, Marriage celebrants Related term: Civil union celebrants, Marriage celebrants
Charities Use for: Charitable trusts Related term: Street appeals, Trusts, Voluntary organisations
Children Use for: Juveniles, Kids Related term: Age, Babies, Child development, Child rearing, Child support, Childcare, Health camps, Youth Narrower Terms: Boys Gifted children Girls
Civil unions Related term: De facto relationships, Marriage
Commonwealth Use for: Commonwealth of Nations Related term: International relations
Community trusts Related term: Local government
Companies Use for: Corporations Related term: Business, Buy outs, Cooperatives, Directors, Financial reporting, Local authority trading enterprises, Mergers, Partnerships, Shareholders, Small businesses, State owned enterprises, Takeovers Narrower Terms: Multinational companies
Conscientious objectors Related term: Armed forces, Pacifism
Consultants Related term: Occupations
Consumers Use for: Customers Related term: Business, Call centres, Consumer protection, Consumption
Cook Islanders Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
Cooperatives Related term: Business, Companies
Coroners Related term: Inquests
Councillors Use for: Elected members, Politicians Related term: Local body councils
Courts Related term: Arbitration, Bailiffs, Civil proceedings, Contempt of court, Courts martial, Criminal proceedings, Dispute resolution, Judiciary, Juries, Justices of the peace, Pre trial procedures, Tribunals Narrower Terms: International courts
Dependants Related term: Caregivers, Families
Dependent territories Use for: Colonies Related term: Colonies
Developing countries Use for: Third world, Underdeveloped countries Related term: Economic development, Foreign aid, International relations
Diplomatic service Use for: Ambassadors, Consuls, Diplomatic immunity, Diplomats, High commissioners Related term: Embassies
Directors Use for: Company directors Related term: Companies, Crown entities, State owned enterprises
District health boards Related term: Health, Hospitals
Divers Related term: Diving, Occupations
Drivers Related term: Driving, Occupations
Electorates Use for: Constituencies Related term: Elections, Electoral rolls, Members of parliament
Embassies Use for: Consulates Related term: Diplomatic service
Emergency services Related term: Accidents, Civil defence Narrower Terms: Ambulance services Fire services Search & rescue
Employees Use for: Personnel, Staff Related term: Employers, Employment, Human resource management, Labour force, Trade unions
Employers Related term: Employees, Employment
Endangered species Related term: Animals, Birds, Fish, Insects, Plants, Wildlife
Entertainers Use for: Busking, Performers Related term: Occupations
Estates Use for: Bona vacantia Related term: Property, Trusts, Wills
Ethnic groups Use for: Racial groups Related term: Cook Islanders, Fijians, Indigenous peoples, Maori, Niueans, Pacific Islanders, Pakeha, Samoans, Tokelauans, Tongans
Families Related term: Dependants, Genealogy, Households, Parents Narrower Terms: One parent families
Fijians Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
Financial institutions Related term: Insurance Narrower Terms: Banks Central banks Building societies Credit unions Friendly societies Pension funds
Foetuses Related term: Abortion, Embryos, Pregnancy
Gangs Related term: Crime, Organisations
Government Related term: Democracy, Public administration, Sovereignty Narrower Terms: Cabinet Caretaker governments Coalition governments Local government Local body councils Community boards Mayors Regional councils Minority governments Monarchy Republicanism
Governors General Related term: Heads of state, Monarchy
Graduates Related term: Tertiary education
Heads of state Related term: Governors General, Monarchy, Official residences, Official visits, Prime ministers
Homeless people Use for: Homelessness, Street kids Related term: Housing
Hostages Related term: Abduction, Terrorism
Households Related term: Families
Immigrants Related term: Immigration, Refugees, Repatriation Narrower Terms: Illegal immigrants
Indigenous peoples Related term: Ethnic groups, Maori
Intelligence services Use for: Spies Related term: Espionage, National security, Surveillance
International courts Related term: International arbitration, International law
Interpreters Related term: Languages, Translation
Investment advisers Use for: Financial planners Related term: Investment, Personal finance
Iwi Related term: Maori
Joint ventures Related term: Business
Judiciary Use for: Community magistrates, Judges Related term: Courts
Juries Use for: Jury service Related term: Courts
Justices of the peace Use for: JPs Related term: Courts, Public administration
Labour force Use for: Workforce Related term: Apprenticeships, Employees, Employment, Employment relations, Occupations, Productivity Narrower Terms: Foreign workers Skilled workers
Licensing trusts Related term: Licensed premises, Local government
Local authority trading enterprises Use for: LATEs Related term: Companies, Local government
Local body councils Use for: City councils, Councils, District councils, Local authorities, Territorial authorities Related term: Councillors, Mayors Narrower Terms: Community boards
Local government Use for: Regional government Related term: Community trusts, Licensing trusts, Local authority trading enterprises, Petitions, Rates (Property) Narrower Terms: Local body councils Community boards Mayors Regional councils
Maori Related term: Customary fishing, Ethnic groups, Indigenous peoples, Iwi, Maori language, Marae, Treaty of Waitangi
Mass media Use for: Press Related term: Publications, Publishing Narrower Terms: Broadcasting Political broadcasting Radio Amateur radio Citizen radio service Television
Members of parliament Use for: Elected members, Politicians Related term: Electorates, Ministers (Government), Parliament, Parliamentary privilege, Prime ministers
Men Related term: Boys, Fathers
Ministers (Government) Use for: Cabinet ministers Related term: Cabinet, Members of parliament, Prime ministers
Missing persons Use for: Runaways Related term: Runaways
Niueans Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
Occupations Related term: Athletes, Career guidance, Consultants, Divers, Drivers, Employment, Entertainers, Labour force, Occupational health, Pilots (Aviation) Narrower Terms: Electrical workers Health professionals Lawyers Managers Seafarers Security guards Teachers
Offenders Use for: Criminals Related term: Crime, Criminal records, Extradition, Prisoners, Rights of accused Narrower Terms: Reoffenders
Older people Use for: Aged, Elderly, Senior citizens Related term: Age, Rest homes, Retirement, Retirement villages
Ombudsmen Related term: Complaints, Consumer protection, Freedom of information
Orchestras Related term: Music
Organisations Use for: Associations, Clubs, Incorporated societies, Societies Related term: Gangs Narrower Terms: International organisations Voluntary organisations
Pacific Islanders Use for: Pacific peoples Related term: Cook Islanders, Ethnic groups, Fijians, Niueans, Samoans, Tokelauans, Tongans
Pakeha Related term: Ethnic groups
Parents Related term: Caregivers, Child rearing, Families Narrower Terms: Fathers Mothers
Parliament Related term: Conscience votes, Members of parliament, Parliamentary privilege, Petitions Narrower Terms: Select committees
Partnerships Related term: Companies
Passengers Related term: Ridesharing, Transport
Patients Related term: Medicine
Pedestrians Use for: Walking Related term: Footpaths, Pedestrian areas, Pedestrian crossings
Pilots (Aviation) Related term: Aircraft, Aviation, Occupations
Police Use for: Police powers Related term: Police stations, Powers of entry
Political parties Related term: Party lists, Politics
Prime ministers Related term: Heads of state, Members of parliament, Ministers (Government)
Prisoners Use for: Prison inmates Related term: Home detention, Offenders, Parole, Prisoner escapes, Prisons, Remand in custody Narrower Terms: Political prisoners, Prisoners of war
Producer boards Related term: Marketing, Primary industry
Public sector Use for: State sector Related term: State sector Narrower Terms: Crown entities Government departments State owned enterprises
Refugees Use for: Boat people Related term: Immigrants, Political asylum, Repatriation, Stateless persons
Royal family Related term: Monarchy, Official visits
Samoans Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
School boards of trustees Related term: Schools
Shareholders Related term: Companies, Shares
Small businesses Use for: Small and medium sized enterprises, SMEs, Sole traders Related term: Companies, Self employment
Stateless persons Related term: Citizenship, Refugees
Students Use for: Pupils Related term: Class sizes, Education, School attendance, Student loans, Student records Narrower Terms: Foreign students Special needs students
Tokelauans Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
Tongans Related term: Ethnic groups, Pacific Islanders
Trade unions Use for: Employee unions, Labour unions Related term: Employees, Employment relations
Tribunals Use for: Public inquiries Related term: Administrative law, Arbitration, Courts
Trusts Related term: Charities, Estates Narrower Terms: Family trusts
Victims Related term: Disadvantaged
Visitors Use for: Tourists Related term: Foreign students, Foreign workers
War veterans Use for: Returned servicemen Related term: Armed forces
Youth Use for: Adolescents, Juveniles, Teenagers Related term: Age, Children, Youth justice facilities Narrower Terms: Boys Girls

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3.6 Activity

An activity that a party wishes to undertake and requires government assistance, approval before the activity may be conducted or other form or government involvement. Some activities are carried out by government but involve no-government parties. Activity is intended to cover all manner of human endeavour, and maybe legal or illegal, desirable or undesirable, ethical or unethical.

Abduction Use for: Kidnapping Related term: Hostages
Abortion Use for: Pregnancy termination Related term: Birth control, Embryos, Foetuses
Accidents Use for: Crashes Related term: Disasters, Emergency services, Explosions, Safety, Shipwrecks Narrower Terms: Drowning
Accountancy Use for: Accounting Related term: Depreciation, Disclosure, Financial reporting Narrower Terms: Auditing (Financial)
Adoption Related term: Family law, Foster care
Agriculture Use for: Farming Related term: Agricultural products, Agroforestry, Farms, Irrigation, Livestock, Rural areas Narrower Terms: Aquaculture Arable farming Beef farming Beekeeping Dairy farming Deer farming Factory farming Hill country farming Horticulture Greenhouse cultivation Orcharding Organic cultivation Sheep farming Viticulture
Air conditioning Related term: Buildings, Ventilation
Alternative medicine Use for: Complementary medicine, Holistic medicine Related term: Medical treatments Narrower Terms: Acupuncture Chiropractic Homeopathy Osteopathy
Animal breeding Related term: Animals, Livestock
Animal welfare Use for: Animal health Related term: Animals
Appeals Related term: Civil proceedings, Criminal proceedings
Arbitration Related term: Courts, Mediation, Tribunals Narrower Terms: International arbitration
Archaeology Related term: Historic sites
Armed conflict Use for: War Related term: Armed forces, Defence, Disarmament, Military exercises, Pacifism, Peacekeeping, Prisoners of war, Terrorism, War crimes Narrower Terms: Biological warfare Chemical warfare Nuclear warfare
Arts Related term: Crafts, Cultural heritage, Culture Narrower Terms: Literature Performing arts Dance Ballet Drama Film Music Opera Visual arts Architecture Art works Carving Painting Photography Pottery Sculpture
Assisted reproductive technology Use for: Artificial insemination, In vitro fertilisation Related term: Fertility, Pregnancy
Autopsy Use for: Post mortems Related term: Death, Forensic science, Inquests, Pathology
Biomedical engineering Narrower Terms: Prosthetics
Biosecurity Related term: Diseases, Environment, Pests Narrower Terms: Quarantine
Birth Use for: Childbirth Related term: Babies, Birth control, Maternity services, Pregnancy
Birth control Use for: Family planning Related term: Abortion, Birth, Fertility, Pregnancy, Sex, Sterilisation Narrower Terms: Contraception
Blood donation Related term: Blood transfusions
Boatbuilding Related term: Boats, Industry
Boating Related term: Boats, Water sports
Body art Use for: Body piercing, Tattooing Related term: Body piercing, Tattooing
Body searches Use for: Strip searches Related term: Strip searches
Bomb disposal Related term: Weapons
Breastfeeding Related term: Babies
Breath testing Related term: Drink driving
Broadcasting Narrower Terms: Political broadcasting Radio Amateur radio Citizen radio service Television
Burial Use for: Disinterment, Exhumation Related term: Cemeteries, Death, Funerals
Business Use for: Commerce Related term: Business premises, Commercial law, Companies, Consumers, Cooperatives, Industry, Joint ventures, Marketing, Retail trade, Trade secrets Narrower Terms: Electronic commerce
Business cycles Use for: Depressions (Economic), Economic recessions Related term: Economic conditions
Buy outs Related term: Companies
Capital movements Related term: Balance of payments, Foreign exchange, International finance, International investment
Career guidance Use for: Vocational guidance Related term: Occupations
Censorship Related term: Freedom of information, Pornography
Census Related term: Population, Statistics
Ceremonies Related term: Celebrations, Festivals, Funerals
Child abuse Use for: Baby battering, Battered children, Child neglect, Home alone children Related term: Domestic violence, Sexual abuse of children
Child development Use for: Play Related term: Children
Child rearing Related term: Children, Parents
Childcare Use for: Child care Related term: Children, Early childhood centres
Civil defence Related term: Emergency services
Civil proceedings Use for: Trials Related term: Appeals, Contempt of court, Courts, Dispute resolution, Evidence, Judgments, Legal aid, Limitation of actions Narrower Terms: Pre trial procedures Arrests Remand in custody
Claims Related term: Dispute resolution
Coaching (Sports) Related term: Sports
Community care Related term: Community centres, Respite care Narrower Terms: Home care
Community development Related term: Community centres
Commuting Related term: Public transport, Ridesharing, Transport
Competition (Business) Related term: Restrictive trade practices
Computer programming Related term: Computers, Encryption, Software
Conscience votes Related term: Parliament
Conservation (Natural resources) Related term: Ecosystems, Environment, Environmental impact, Natural resources, Sustainable development
Construction Use for: Building Related term: Building consents, Buildings, Construction materials, Demolition, Engineering, Excavation, Industry, Resource consents, Scaffolding
Consumption Related term: Consumers, Economics
Continuing education Use for: Adult education, Community education Related term: Vocational education Narrower Terms: Professional development
Cost benefit analysis Related term: Costs
Counselling Use for: Marriage guidance Related term: Rehabilitation, Social work
Counterfeit manufacturing Use for: Pirated copies Related term: Copyright, Manufacturing
Courier services Related term: Postal services
Courts martial Related term: Armed forces, Courts
Cremation Related term: Death, Funerals
Crime Use for: Offences Related term: Corruption, Criminal law, Espionage, Gangs, Insider trading, Offenders, Pornography, Proceeds of crime, Torture Narrower Terms: Arson Assault Crimes against humanity War crimes Drink driving Fraud Home invasion Homicide Organised crime Sexual offences Prostitution Rape Sexual abuse of children Smuggling Theft Poaching Treason Vandalism
Criminal proceedings Use for: Trials Related term: Appeals, Contempt of court, Courts, Dispute resolution, Evidence, Judgments, Legal aid, Rights of accused Narrower Terms: Pre trial procedures Arrests Remand in custody Prosecutions
Culture Related term: Arts, Crafts, Cultural heritage Narrower Terms: Biculturalism
Dance Narrower Terms: Ballet
Daylight saving Related term: Time
Decentralisation Related term: Public administration
Defence Related term: Armed conflict, Armed forces, Military alliances, Military exercises, National security
Demolition Related term: Construction, Explosives
Demonstrations Use for: Marches Related term: Protests, Public order
Design Related term: Ergonomics, Visual arts
Disarmament Use for: Arms control Related term: Armed conflict, Nuclear free zones, Weapons
Discipline Related term: Punishment, Rules
Discipline Related term: Punishment, Rules
Disclosure Related term: Accountancy, Freedom of information, Pre trial procedures, Privacy, Public administration
Discrimination Related term: Equal opportunities, Sexual harassment Narrower Terms: Racial discrimination Sex discrimination
Dispute resolution Use for: Small claims Related term: Civil proceedings, Claims, Complaints, Courts, Criminal proceedings Narrower Terms: Arbitration International arbitration Mediation
Diving Related term: Divers, Water sports
Divorce Use for: Dissolution of marriage Related term: Child custody, Family law, Marriage, Separation (Marital)
Drainage Use for: Drains Related term: Sewerage, Stormwater
Driving Related term: Drink driving, Drivers, Motor vehicles, Speed limits
Econometrics Related term: Economics, Statistics
Economic development Use for: Economic growth Related term: Developing countries, Economic conditions, Economic policy, Regional development, Sustainable development
Economic forecasting Related term: Economics
Economic integration Related term: Globalisation, Monetary unions
Economics Related term: Capitalism, Consumption, Econometrics, Economic conditions, Economic forecasting, Economic indicators Narrower Terms: Interindustry economics Macroeconomics
Elections Use for: Election candidates, Nominations, Suffrage, Voters, Voting Related term: Democracy, Election campaigns, Electoral rolls, Electoral systems, Electorates, Party lists, Politics, Polling stations Narrower Terms: By-elections
Employment Use for: Labour market, Paid work, Part time employment Related term: Apprenticeships, Employees, Employers, Employment relations, Job vacancies, Labour force, Occupations, Resignation Narrower Terms: Self employment Temporary employment Unemployment
Employment relations Use for: Industrial relations, Labour relations, Personal grievances Related term: Employment, Industry, Labour force, Lockouts, Picketing, Strikes, Trade unions Narrower Terms: Collective bargaining
Encryption Related term: Computer programming, Security, Software
Engineering Related term: Construction, Hydraulics, Technology
Ergonomics Related term: Design
Eruptions Use for: Lahars Related term: Disasters, Volcanoes
Espionage Use for: Spying Related term: Crime, Intelligence services, Security vetting, Treason
Euthanasia Use for: Mercy killing Related term: Death, Homicide, Suicide
Excavation Related term: Construction
Exhibitions Use for: Displays Related term: Displays
Expenditure Use for: Spending Related term: Costs, Finance
Experiments (Research) Related term: Research, Tests
Exploration Related term: Travel
Extradition Related term: Emigration, Offenders
Farms Related term: Agriculture Narrower Terms: Smallholdings
Finance Related term: Costs, EFTPOS, Expenditure, Fees Narrower Terms: International finance Personal finance Public finance Government shareholding Public deficit
Financial reporting Use for: Financial statements Related term: Accountancy, Auditing (Financial), Companies
Fluoridation Related term: Dental health, Water treatment
Foreign aid Use for: International aid, Overseas aid Related term: Developing countries
Fundraising Related term: Street appeals
Gambling Use for: Games of chance, Gaming, Housie Related term: Casinos, Gaming machines Narrower Terms: Betting Lotteries
Gasfitting Related term: Gases, Natural gas, Plumbing
Genealogy Use for: Family history Related term: Families, Heraldry, History
Geography Related term: Maps, Place names, Social services
Globalisation Related term: Economic integration, International finance, International investment, International relations, Trade
Heating Related term: Energy Narrower Terms: Home heating
Hedging (Finance) Related term: Foreign exchange, Investment, Securities
History Related term: Biography, Genealogy, Social sciences
Homeschooling Related term: Education
Hydraulics Related term: Engineering, Machinery, Water
Hydrology Use for: River flow Related term: Lakes, Rivers, Water
Hygiene Use for: Cleanliness Related term: Public health, Sanitation, Sterilisation
Identification Use for: Identity cards, Proof of identity Related term: Identity cards, Proof of identity
Indexation Use for: Consumer price indexes, CPI Related term: Cost of living, Pay, Prices
Industry Related term: Boatbuilding, Business, Construction, Employment relations, Industrial estates, Interindustry economics, Productivity, Research Narrower Terms: Manufacturing Primary industry Agriculture Aquaculture Arable farming Beef farming Beekeeping Dairy farming Deer farming Factory farming Hill country farming Horticulture Greenhouse cultivation Orcharding Organic cultivation Sheep farming Viticulture Fisheries Customary fishing High seas fishing Inshore fisheries Forestry Agroforestry Logging Mining Service industries Cleaning services Healthcare services Hospitals Hospices Psychiatric hospitals Secure psychiatric units Maternity services Nursing Palliative care Private healthcare Hospitality industry Catering Restaurants Tourism
Inflation Related term: Cost of living, Deflation, Monetary policy, Prices
Information technology Related term: Computers, Databases, Software Narrower Terms: Data transmission
Innovation Related term: Technological change
Inquests Related term: Autopsy, Coroners, Death, Forensic science
Insider trading Related term: Crime, Securities, Shares
Insulation Related term: Buildings, Energy
Insurance Related term: Compensation, Financial institutions
International relations Use for: Diplomatic relations, Foreign relations Related term: Borders, Commonwealth, Developing countries, Globalisation, International organisations, National security, Neutrality, Official visits, Sister cities Narrower Terms: International cooperation Military alliances
Investment Related term: Futures (Finance), Government shareholding, Hedging (Finance), Interest rates, Investment advisers, Savings, Unit trusts, Venture capital Narrower Terms: International investment
Irradiation Related term: Radiation
Irrigation Related term: Agriculture, Water
Judicial review Related term: Administrative law
Labelling Use for: Bar codes Related term: Marketing, Packaging
Legal aid Related term: Civil proceedings, Criminal proceedings, Law
Leisure Use for: Games, Hobbies, Recreation Related term: Sports, Tourism Narrower Terms: Outdoor recreation Ballooning Bungy jumping Camping Climbing Gliding Hang gliding Hunting Parachuting Recreational fishing Tramping
Lighting Related term: Energy
Limitation of actions Related term: Civil proceedings
Liquidation Related term: Bankruptcy, Commercial law
Mainstreaming Related term: Special education, Special needs students
Management Related term: Managers Narrower Terms: Human resource management Risk management
Marketing Use for: Brands Related term: Business, Labelling, Market research, Packaging, Producer boards, Public relations, Selling Narrower Terms: Advertising
Mathematics Related term: Numeracy, Science, Statistics
Means testing Use for: Asset testing Related term: Social security
Measurement Use for: Weights & measures Related term: Measuring instruments, Surveying (Land), Temperature
Meetings Use for: Conferences, Conventions Related term: Conferences, Conventions
Mergers Related term: Companies, Takeovers
Migration Narrower Terms: Emigration Immigration Internal migration
Military aid Related term: Military alliances
Military exercises Related term: Armed conflict, Armed forces, Defence
Mythology Use for: Legends Related term: Religion
Name changes Use for: Deed polls Related term: Deed polls
Navigation Related term: Airspace, Aviation, Lighthouses, Maps, Radar, Sailing, Shipping
Nutrition Use for: Diets Related term: Food, Health, Malnutrition
Outdoor recreation Related term: Cycling, Sports Narrower Terms: Ballooning Bungy jumping Camping Climbing Gliding Hang gliding Hunting Parachuting Recreational fishing Tramping
Pacifism Related term: Armed conflict, Conscientious objectors, Peace
Packaging Related term: Labelling, Marketing
Parallel importing Related term: Imports
Parking Related term: Motor vehicles, Roads
Pawnbroking Related term: Loans
Peacekeeping Related term: Armed conflict, Peace
Perjury Related term: Evidence, Witnesses
Philosophy Related term: Ethics
Physical fitness Use for: Exercise Related term: Health, Physical education
Picketing Related term: Employment relations, Freedom of assembly, Strikes
Plant breeding Related term: Crops, Plants
Politics Related term: Election campaigns, Elections, Petitions, Political parties, Polls, Referenda Narrower Terms: Lobbying
Polls Use for: Opinion polls, Political polls Related term: Politics
Pornography Use for: Obscene publications Related term: Censorship, Crime
Postal services Use for: Mail, Post offices Related term: Courier services, Postage stamps
Pre trial procedures Related term: Bail, Confessions, Courts, Disclosure Narrower Terms: Arrests Remand in custody
Prisoner escapes Related term: Prisoners
Professional misconduct Use for: Malpractice Related term: Negligence
Protectionism Related term: Free trade, Trade
Protests Use for: Boycotts Related term: Demonstrations
Psychology Related term: Psychiatry, Stress (Psychological)
Public administration Related term: Decentralisation, Disclosure, Emergency powers, Government, Justices of the peace, Official information, Public finance Narrower Terms: Committees of inquiry Public service Royal commissions
Public appointments Related term: Recruitment
Public relations Related term: Marketing, Sponsorship
Publishing Related term: ISBNs, ISSNs, Legal deposit, Mass media, Publications
Purchasing Use for: Buying, Procurement Related term: Selling Narrower Terms: Laybys
Quality assurance Use for: Quality control Related term: Consumer protection, Standards
Quarrying Related term: Mining
Quotas Related term: Economic instruments
Race relations Related term: Racial discrimination
Radiography Related term: Medical treatments
Rationing Related term: Economic instruments, Shortages, Waiting lists
Reading Related term: Literacy
Reclamation Related term: Land
Recruitment Related term: Human resource management, Public appointments
Recycling Use for: Composting Related term: Wastes
Refrigeration Related term: Temperature
Regional development Related term: Economic development
Rehabilitation Related term: Counselling, Disabilities, Injuries
Religion Use for: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Ratana movement, Ringatu Related term: Mythology, Religious buildings
Remote sensing Related term: Radar, Satellites
Repatriation Related term: Immigrants, Refugees
Research Use for: R & D Related term: Experiments (Research), Industry, Laboratories, Science Narrower Terms: Market research
Resignation Related term: Employment
Respite care Related term: Caregivers, Community care, Residential care
Restrictive trade practices Use for: Cartels, Monopolies, Price fixing Related term: Competition (Business)
Retail trade Related term: Business, Franchises, Opening hours, Selling, Street trading
Retirement Related term: Older people, Superannuation
Ridesharing Use for: Car pooling Related term: Cars, Commuting, Passengers
Sanctions Use for: Embargoes Related term: Punishment
Sanitation Related term: Hygiene, Public health, Public toilets, Sewerage
Savings Related term: Investment
Sawmilling Related term: Forestry, Timber
Scaffolding Related term: Construction
School attendance Related term: Schools, Students Narrower Terms: Truancy
Science Related term: Laboratories, Mathematics, Research, Technology Narrower Terms: Astronomy Biochemistry Biology Botany Ecology Genetics Microbiology Zoology Biotechnology Genetic modification Chemistry Forensic science Geology Medicine Alternative medicine Acupuncture Chiropractic Homeopathy Osteopathy Dentistry Medical treatments Acupuncture Blood transfusions First aid Hormone replacement therapy Intensive care Occupational therapy Physiotherapy Surgery Joint replacement Plastic surgery Transplant surgery Pathology Pharmacy Podiatry Preventive medicine Immunisation Psychiatry Veterinary medicine Meteorology Weather forecasting Oceanography Physics Geophysics Nuclear physics Seismology
Security vetting Related term: Espionage, National security
Selling Related term: Marketing, Purchasing, Retail trade, Vending machines Narrower Terms: Auctions Barter Direct selling
Separation (Marital) Related term: Divorce, Family law, Marriage
Sewage treatment Related term: Sewage
Sex Related term: Birth control, Sexual offences, Sexually transmitted diseases
Sexual harassment Related term: Discrimination
Sharemilking Related term: Dairy farming
Shearing Related term: Sheep
Slaughter (Livestock) Use for: Halal slaughter, Homekill, Shechita Related term: Livestock, Meat processing premises
Social sciences Use for: Social studies Related term: History Narrower Terms: Economics Interindustry economics Macroeconomics Education Continuing education Professional development Distance education Early childhood education Physical education Primary education Remedial education Secondary education Special education Tertiary education Vocational education Law Administrative law Commercial law Common law Constitutional law Conveyancing Criminal law Criminal proceedings Pre trial procedures Arrests Remand in custody Prosecutions Delegated legislation Bylaws Regulations Employment law Family law International law Maritime law Torts Defamation Negligence Trespass
Social services Use for: Social welfare Related term: Disadvantaged, Geography, Social security, Social work Narrower Terms: Community care Home care Foster care Residential care
Social work Related term: Counselling, Social services
Sponsorship Related term: Advertising, Naming rights, Public relations
Sports Related term: Athletes, Coaching (Sports), Commonwealth Games, Leisure, Olympic Games, Outdoor recreation, Physical education, Sportsgrounds Narrower Terms: Athletics Cricket Cycling Golf Horse racing Inline skating Lawn bowls Motor sports Netball Rugby Rugby league Skateboarding Snow sports Soccer Tennis Water sports Rafting Rowing Sailing Surf lifesaving Swimming
Standards Related term: Quality assurance
Statistics Related term: Census, Econometrics, Mathematics
Sterilisation Related term: Birth control, Hygiene
Street trading Use for: Hawkers Related term: Retail trade
Subsidence Related term: Land
Substance abuse Narrower Terms: Alcohol abuse Drug abuse Smoking Solvent abuse
Suicide Related term: Death, Euthanasia
Surveillance Use for: Electronic surveillance Related term: Intelligence services, Patrol craft, Privacy, Security
Surveying (Land) Related term: Maps, Measurement
Sustainable development Related term: Conservation (Natural resources), Economic development, Environment
Takeovers Related term: Companies, Mergers
Tax avoidance Related term: Tax evasion, Taxation Narrower Terms: Tax havens
Tax evasion Related term: Hidden economy, Tax avoidance, Taxation
Technological change Use for: Automation Related term: Innovation, Technology
Technology Related term: Biotechnology, Engineering, Laboratories, Science, Technological change, Technology transfer Narrower Terms: Information technology Data transmission
Technology transfer Related term: Technology
Telecommunications Related term: Bandwidth, Data transmission, Email, Infrastructure, Radiofrequency transmitters, Satellites, Telephones
Tenancy Use for: Landlords, Tenancy bonds Related term: Rental housing
Terrorism Related term: Armed conflict, Hostages
Tests Use for: Examinations Related term: Experiments (Research)
Timesharing Related term: Accommodation
Torture Related term: Crime, Crimes against humanity, Violence
Town planning Use for: Urban design Related term: Resource consents, Towns
Toxicology Related term: Drugs, Poisons
Trade Related term: Customs duties, Globalisation, Protectionism, Trade remedies Narrower Terms: Exports Free trade Imports
Trade remedies Use for: Countervailing Related term: Customs duties, Subsidies, Trade Narrower Terms: Antidumping
Translation Related term: Interpreters, Languages
Travel Related term: Exploration, Tourism
Valuation Related term: Property
Vehicle towing Related term: Motor vehicles, Trailers
Ventilation Related term: Air conditioning
Violence Use for: Bullying Related term: Assault, Home invasion, Torture Narrower Terms: Domestic violence
Voluntary work Use for: Unpaid work Related term: Voluntary organisations
Water treatment Related term: Fluoridation, Water
Whistleblowing Related term: Corruption, Ethics
Working from home Use for: Teleworking Related term: Conditions of employment
Writing Related term: Literacy, Literature, Publications

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3.7 Event

Similar with certain kinds of activities and resources, which occur during a short period of time; e.g. a earthquake is an active phenomenon that is not on-going, but occurs at a point in time. Typically, a party seeks government assistance or approval to put on an event; or seeks assistance as a result of being affected by an adverse event.

Avalanches Related term: Disasters, Mountains, Snow
Celebrations Related term: Ceremonies, Festivals
Circuses Related term: Performing arts
Commonwealth Games Related term: Sports
Disasters Use for: Natural disasters Related term: Accidents, Avalanches, Droughts, Earthquakes, Eruptions, Explosions, Fires, Floods, Landslides, Storms, Tsunami
Earthquakes Use for: Fault lines Related term: Disasters, Seismology
Economic impact Related term: Economic conditions
Election campaigns Related term: Elections, Politics
Environmental impact Related term: Conservation (Natural resources), Environment, Pollution
Explosions Related term: Accidents, Disasters, Explosives
Festivals Related term: Celebrations, Ceremonies
Fires Related term: Arson, Disasters, Fire services, Home heating, Smoke alarms
Floods Related term: Dams, Disasters, Oceans, Rivers, Stormwater
Funerals Related term: Burial, Ceremonies, Cremation
Official visits Related term: Heads of state, International relations, Royal family
Olympic Games Related term: Sports
Power failures Related term: Electricity
Public holidays Use for: Holidays, Statutory holidays Related term: Holidays, Statutory holidays Narrower Terms: Anzac Day Waitangi Day
Referenda Use for: Citizens initiated referenda, Ratepayers polls, Voting Related term: Petitions, Politics
Social impact Related term: Social conditions
Street appeals Related term: Charities, Fundraising
Strikes Use for: Work stoppages Related term: Employment relations, Lockouts, Picketing
Tsunami Use for: Tidal waves Related term: Disasters, Oceans

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3.8 Resource

An asset owned by a party or a general resource available to all, and includes natural, man made and intangible resources. An activity may utilise a resource or create a resource. Generally, a resource will be beneficial, but may have a detrimental impact parties.

Accommodation Related term: Housing, Timesharing Narrower Terms: Caravans Hostels Hotels Huts Motels Motor camps
Agreements Use for: Deeds of settlement, Integration agreements, Internal agreements Related term: Deeds of settlement, Integration agreements, Internal agreements Narrower Terms: International agreements
Agricultural products Use for: Farm produce Related term: Agriculture, Commodities, Food, Fungi, Organic products Narrower Terms: Animal products Deer velvet Hides & skins Meat Beef Pigmeat Sheepmeat Venison Bee products Honey Dairy products Butter Cheese Milk Eggs Plant products Fruit Berryfruit Citrus fruit Grapes Kiwifruit Pipfruit Summerfruit Grain Barley Maize Wheat Nuts Seeds Vegetable oils Vegetables Kumara Potatoes
Aircraft Use for: Aeroplanes, Airships, Light aircraft Related term: Aviation, Pilots (Aviation) Narrower Terms: Helicopters Microlight aircraft
Airspace Related term: Aviation, Navigation
Alcohol Use for: Liquor Related term: Alcohol abuse, Licensed premises Narrower Terms: Beer Wine
Animal feed Use for: Fodder, Forage, Silage Related term: Livestock, Pasture
Animal products Related term: Animals Narrower Terms: Deer velvet Hides & skins Meat Beef Pigmeat Sheepmeat Venison
Animals Related term: Animal breeding, Animal diseases, Animal products, Animal welfare, Biodiversity, Biology, Ecosystems, Endangered species, Environment, Introduced species, Livestock, Pets, Wildlife, Zoology, Zoos Narrower Terms: Bats Birds Ducks Geese Kiwi Seabirds Penguins Cats Cattle Deer Dogs Guide dogs Ferrets Fish Carp Eels Freshwater fish Hoki Kahawai Orange roughy Salmon Snapper Trout Tuna Whitebait Frogs Goats Horses Insects Bees Beetles Wasps Wetas Lizards Marine animals Crayfish Dolphins Prawns Sea lions Seals (Animals) Shellfish Mussels Oysters Paua Scallops Toheroa Squid Whales Pigs Possums Rabbits Rats Sheep Snails Snakes Spiders Stoats Thar Tuatara
Antiquities Use for: Artifacts Related term: Cultural heritage
Aquariums Related term: Fish, Marine animals
Archives Related term: Libraries, Records
Art galleries Related term: Museums, Visual arts
Assets Related term: Depreciation, Wealth
Atmosphere Use for: Ionosphere Related term: Environment, Gases, Greenhouse effect Narrower Terms: Ozone layer
Bandwidth Related term: Telecommunications
Batteries Related term: Electricity, Motor vehicle parts
Bicycles Use for: Bikes Related term: Cycling
Bills (Law) Related term: Law
Biography Related term: History
Biological controls Related term: Pests
Biomass Related term: Energy
Blood products Related term: Blood transfusions
Boats Use for: Yachts Related term: Boatbuilding, Boating, Marinas, Moorings, Shipping, Ships, Shipwrecks Narrower Terms: Canoes Fishing boats Jet boats Patrol craft
Borders Use for: Boundaries, Frontiers Related term: International relations, Zones
Building consents Related term: Construction, Resource consents
Buildings Related term: Air conditioning, Architecture, Business premises, Construction, Encroachments, Insulation, Lifts, Plumbing Narrower Terms: Historic buildings Houses Public buildings Religious buildings Theatres
Business premises Use for: Factories, Offices Related term: Buildings, Business Narrower Terms: Shops Supermarkets
CFCs Use for: Chlorofluorocarbons Related term: Ozone layer
Call centres Related term: Consumers, Service industries
Carbon sinks Related term: Carbon dioxide, Greenhouse effect
Casinos Related term: Gambling
Cemeteries Related term: Burial, Death, Memorials Narrower Terms: War graves
Ceramics Related term: Crafts, Pottery
Chemicals Related term: Chemistry, Fertilisers, Hazardous substances, Pesticides Narrower Terms: Acids Dioxin Hormones Nitrates Solvents
Climate Related term: Environment, Greenhouse effect, Meteorology Narrower Terms: Weather Rain Snow Storms Wind
Clinics Related term: Hospitals
Clothing Related term: Textiles Narrower Terms: Footwear Uniforms
Codes of practice Related term: Delegated legislation, Ethics
Colleges of education Use for: Teacher training colleges Related term: Tertiary education, Universities
Commodities Related term: Agricultural products, Copper, Sugar, Wheat, Wool
Community centres Related term: Community care, Community development, Recreational facilities
Complaints Use for: Grievances Related term: Consumer protection, Dispute resolution, Ombudsmen
Computers Use for: VDUs Related term: Computer programming, Information technology, Software
Construction materials Related term: Construction, Glass, Timber Narrower Terms: Concrete Steel
Containers (Freight) Related term: Freight, Shipping
Contracts Use for: Breach of contract Related term: Commercial law, Misrepresentation, Torts
Crafts Use for: Handcrafts Related term: Arts, Ceramics, Cultural heritage, Culture Narrower Terms: Jewellery Weaving
Crops Use for: Hemp Related term: Arable farming, Flowers, Fruit, Fungi, Grain, Plant breeding, Plants, Tobacco, Vegetables
Cultural heritage Use for: National heritage Related term: Antiquities, Arts, Crafts, Culture, Historic buildings, Historic sites, Museums
Curriculum Use for: Syllabus Related term: Education
Cycleways Use for: Bicycle paths, Cycle lanes Related term: Cycling, Roads
DNA Related term: Genetics
Databases Related term: Information technology, Internet
Drinks Use for: Beverages Related term: Food, Water Narrower Terms: Alcohol Beer Wine Fruit juices Milk
Droughts Related term: Disasters, Rain
Drugs Use for: Medications, Pharmaceuticals Related term: Drug abuse, Medical treatments, Pharmacy, Poisons, Prescriptions, Therapeutic products, Toxicology Narrower Terms: Antibiotics Cannabis
Dunes Related term: Beaches, Land, Sand
EFTPOS Use for: Electronic funds transfer at point of sale Related term: Finance
Early childhood centres Use for: Childcare centres, Creches, Kindergartens, Playcentres Related term: Childcare, Early childhood education Narrower Terms: Kohanga reo Playgroups
Economic instruments Related term: Fees, Quotas, Rationing, Subsidies, Tariffs, Taxation
Economic policy Related term: Economic conditions, Economic development, Monetary policy Narrower Terms: Fiscal policy
Ecosystems Use for: Habitats Related term: Animals, Conservation (Natural resources), Ecology, Environment, Plants
Electoral rolls Related term: Elections, Electorates
Electoral systems Use for: First past the post, Proportional representation, Secret ballot Related term: Elections Narrower Terms: MMP STV
Electric power lines Use for: High voltage lines Related term: Cables, Electricity
Electrical control equipment Related term: Electricity
Electrical wiring Use for: Wiring Related term: Electricity
Electricity Related term: Batteries, Electric power lines, Electrical control equipment, Electrical wiring, Electrical workers, Electronics, Power failures, Power stations Narrower Terms: Hydroelectric power
Electronics Related term: Electricity
Email Use for: Electronic mail Related term: Internet, Telecommunications
Emblems Use for: Insignia Related term: Flags, Heraldry, Signage
Embryos Related term: Abortion, Foetuses, Pregnancy
Emergency powers Use for: States of emergency Related term: National security, Public administration
Emissions Use for: Exhaust emissions, Smoke Related term: Air pollution, Carbon dioxide, Greenhouse effect
Encroachments Related term: Buildings, Land
Energy Related term: Biomass, Heating, Insulation, Lighting Narrower Terms: Electricity Hydroelectric power Fuels Coal Diesel Firewood LPG Petrol Nuclear energy Renewable energy Geothermal energy Hydroelectric power Solar energy Wind energy
Environment Related term: Animals, Atmosphere, Biodiversity, Biosecurity, Climate, Conservation (Natural resources), Ecosystems, Environmental impact, Geothermal resources, Land, Natural resources, Oceans, Plants, Pollution, Resource consents, Sustainable development, Water
Enzymes Related term: Biochemistry
Equipment Use for: Cranes (Equipment), Forklifts Related term: Machinery, Manufactured goods Narrower Terms: Protective equipment
Estuaries Related term: Coasts, Oceans, Rivers, Wetlands
Ethics Related term: Accountability, Codes of practice, Conflicts of interest, Informed consent, Philosophy, Values, Whistleblowing
Evidence Use for: Expert evidence Related term: Civil proceedings, Criminal proceedings, Forensic science, Perjury, Witnesses Narrower Terms: Confessions
Fares Use for: Passenger fares Related term: Public transport
Fees Use for: Charges, Levies, Tolls, User charges Related term: Costs, Economic instruments, Finance, Prices, Rebates, Royalties
Fertilisers Related term: Chemicals
Fibre optics Use for: Optical fibres Related term: Data transmission
Fish products Related term: Fish, Fisheries Narrower Terms: Seafood
Fishing grounds Related term: Fisheries
Fishing nets Related term: Fisheries, Recreational fishing
Flags Related term: Emblems
Flour Related term: Grain
Flowers Related term: Crops, Horticulture, Plant products, Plants
Food Related term: Agricultural products, Drinks, Fungi, Nutrition, Salt, Therapeutic products, Vitamins Narrower Terms: Bread Confectionery Dairy products Butter Cheese Milk Eggs Fast food Fruit Berryfruit Citrus fruit Grapes Kiwifruit Pipfruit Summerfruit Health foods Herbs Honey Meat Beef Pigmeat Sheepmeat Venison Nuts Processed food Seafood Sugar Vegetable oils Vegetables Kumara Potatoes
Food additives Use for: Artificial sweeteners Related term: Processed food
Footpaths Related term: Pedestrians, Roads, Tracks (Walking)
Foreign exchange Use for: Devaluation, Exchange rates Related term: Balance of payments, Capital movements, Depreciation, Forward exchange, Hedging (Finance), Monetary unions, Money, Overseas reserves
Forest products Related term: Forestry Narrower Terms: Fibreboard Paper Pulp Wood Firewood Timber
Forward exchange Related term: Foreign exchange
Fossils Related term: Geology
Franchises Related term: Retail trade, Service industries
Freight Use for: Cargo Related term: Containers (Freight), Transport
Fungi Use for: Mushrooms, Truffles Related term: Agricultural products, Crops, Food
Futures (Finance) Related term: Investment, Securities
Gaming machines Use for: Poker machines Related term: Gambling
Gardens Use for: Gardening Related term: Horticulture Narrower Terms: Botanical gardens
Gas cylinders Related term: Gases
Gases Related term: Atmosphere, Fuels, Gas cylinders, Gasfitting Narrower Terms: Carbon dioxide Chlorine Methane Natural gas Oxygen
Gifts Use for: Donations Related term: Donations
Glaciers Related term: Mountains
Glass Related term: Art works, Construction materials
Grants Related term: Scholarships, Subsidies
Harbours Related term: Coasts, Oceans, Ports
Hazardous substances Use for: Dangerous goods Related term: Chemicals, Hazardous wastes, Radioactivity, Toxic metals Narrower Terms: Explosives Fireworks Poisons
Hazardous wastes Related term: Hazardous substances Narrower Terms: Nuclear wastes
Health camps Related term: Children
Heraldry Use for: Coats of arms Related term: Emblems, Genealogy
Hidden economy Use for: Black market, Underground economy Related term: Tax evasion
Historic sites Use for: Archaeological sites Related term: Archaeology, Cultural heritage, Historic buildings, Memorials
Honours Use for: Awards Related term: Medals
Hospitals Related term: Clinics, District health boards Narrower Terms: Hospices Psychiatric hospitals Secure psychiatric units
Housing Use for: Dwellings Related term: Accommodation, Homeless people, Houses, Retirement villages Narrower Terms: Rental housing Council housing State housing
ISBNs Related term: Books, Publishing
ISSNs Related term: Periodicals, Publishing
Incentives Use for: Loyalty schemes Related term: Loyalty schemes
Income Use for: Revenue Related term: Dividends, National accounts, Pay, Poverty, Standard of living, Wealth
Industrial estates Use for: Business parks Related term: Industry
Informed consent Related term: Ethics
Infrastructure Related term: Telecommunications Narrower Terms: Airports Bridges Cables Dams Pipelines Ports Railways Railway stations Reservoirs Roads Bus lanes Motorways Tunnels
Internet Use for: World wide web, WWW Related term: Databases, Electronic commerce, Email
Introduced species Use for: Exotic species Related term: Animals, Birds, Fish, Insects, Plants, Wildlife
Inventions Related term: Intellectual property, Patents
Jet skis Related term: Water sports
Job vacancies Related term: Employment
Judgments Use for: Verdicts Related term: Civil proceedings, Criminal proceedings
Laboratories Related term: Research, Science, Technology
Lakes Related term: Dams, Hydrology, Water
Landfills Use for: Rubbish dumps, Rubbish tips, Sanitary landfills Related term: Wastes
Landscape Related term: Land
Languages Related term: Bilingualism, Interpreters, Translation Narrower Terms: English language Maori language Sign language
Lasers Related term: Radiation
Learning resources Use for: Curriculum materials Related term: Education
Leases Related term: Law, Property
Legal deposit Related term: Libraries, Publishing
Level crossings Related term: Railways, Roads
Libraries Related term: Archives, Legal deposit Narrower Terms: Public libraries School libraries
Licensed premises Related term: Alcohol, Hospitality industry, Hotels, Licensing trusts, Opening hours, Restaurants
Lifts Related term: Buildings
Lighthouses Related term: Navigation, Shipping
Livestock Use for: Emus, Farm animals, Ostriches Related term: Agriculture, Animal breeding, Animal feed, Animals, Cattle, Deer, Goats, Horses, Meat processing premises, Pigs, Sheep, Slaughter (Livestock), Veterinary medicine Narrower Terms: Poultry
Lockouts Use for: Work stoppages Related term: Employment relations, Strikes
Machinery Use for: Furnaces, Pumps Related term: Equipment, Hydraulics Narrower Terms: Boilers Engines Turbines Generators Robots
Manufactured goods Related term: Equipment, Manufacturing Narrower Terms: Cosmetics Domestic appliances Furniture Toys
Maps Use for: Cartography, Charts Related term: Geography, Navigation, Surveying (Land)
Marae Related term: Maori
Marinas Related term: Boats, Moorings, Recreational facilities
Massage parlours Related term: Prostitution
Measuring instruments Use for: Gauges, Meters, Thermometers Related term: Measurement Narrower Terms: Clocks
Meat processing premises Use for: Abattoirs, Freezing works Related term: Livestock, Slaughter (Livestock)
Medals Related term: Honours, Prizes
Medical certificates Use for: Doctors certificates Related term: Medical records
Memorials Use for: Monuments Related term: Cemeteries, Historic buildings, Historic sites
Metals Related term: Corrosion, Ironsand, Smelters Narrower Terms: Aluminium Copper Gold Lead Manganese Mercury Steel Toxic metals Uranium
Microorganisms Related term: Microbiology Narrower Terms: Bacteria Viruses
Military bases Related term: Armed forces
Military equipment Related term: Armed forces, Weapons
Mobility scooters Use for: Invalid carriages Related term: Invalid carriages
Monetary policy Related term: Central banks, Economic policy, Fiscal policy, Inflation, Interest rates, Money
Money Use for: Currencies Related term: Foreign exchange, Gold, Monetary policy Narrower Terms: Bank notes Cheques Coins
Moorings Related term: Boats, Marinas, Wharves
Motor vehicle parts Related term: Batteries, Motor vehicles, Tyres, Wheels
Motor vehicles Related term: Driving, Motor vehicle parts, Parking, Road transport, Vehicle towing Narrower Terms: All terrain vehicles Buses Cars Electric vehicles Mopeds Motorcycles Taxis Tractors Trucks
Museums Related term: Art galleries, Cultural heritage
National accounts Use for: GDP, GNP, Gross domestic product, Gross national product, National income Related term: Economic conditions, Income
National anthems Related term: Music
National parks Related term: Parks, Reserves
Natural fibres Related term: Textiles Narrower Terms: Mohair Wool
Natural resources Related term: Conservation (Natural resources), Environment, Resource consents Narrower Terms: Forests Geothermal resources Land Beaches Caves Coasts Crown lands High country Islands Mountains Volcanoes Minerals Asbestos Gravel Greenstone Sand Ironsand Selenium Oceans Water Ground water Wetlands
Nuclear free zones Related term: Disarmament, Nuclear weapons
Observatories Related term: Astronomy
Official information Related term: Freedom of information, Public administration, Records
Official residences Related term: Heads of state, Public buildings
Organic products Related term: Agricultural products, Organic cultivation
Overseas reserves Related term: Balance of payments, Foreign exchange, International investment
Paint Related term: Painting
Party lists Related term: Elections, Political parties
Passports Related term: Citizenship, Visas
Pasture Related term: Animal feed, Grasses
Pedestrian areas Use for: Pedestrian malls Related term: Pedestrians
Pedestrian crossings Related term: Pedestrians, Roads
Pesticides Use for: Herbicides, Weedkillers Related term: Chemicals, Pests, Poisons, Spraydrift
Pests Related term: Biological controls, Biosecurity, Deer, Goats, Pesticides, Possums, Rabbits, Rats, Snakes, Stoats, Wasps Narrower Terms: Weeds
Petitions Related term: Local government, Parliament, Politics, Referenda
Petroleum Use for: Oil Related term: Diesel, Petrol, Refineries
Pets Use for: Domestic animals Related term: Animals, Birds, Fish, Veterinary medicine
Pharmacies Related term: Pharmacy, Shops
Place names Related term: Geography
Plants Use for: Vegetation Related term: Biodiversity, Biology, Botany, Crops, Ecosystems, Endangered species, Environment, Flowers, Introduced species, Plant breeding, Plant diseases, Plant products, Weeds Narrower Terms: Algae Seaweeds Alpine plants Aquatic plants Cabbage trees Ferns Grasses Tussock Herbs Mosses Trees Beech Kauri Mangroves Pine Pohutukawa Rimu
Plastics Related term: Polymers
Plumbing Related term: Buildings, Gasfitting
Police stations Use for: Police cells Related term: Police
Polling stations Related term: Elections
Pollution Use for: Contamination Related term: Environment, Environmental impact, Wastes Narrower Terms: Air pollution Noise Odours
Polymers Related term: Plastics
Polytechnics Related term: Tertiary education, Universities, Wananga
Population Related term: Birth rate, Census, Death rate, Life expectancy
Postage stamps Related term: Postal services
Power stations Use for: Thermal power stations Related term: Electricity
Prescriptions Related term: Drugs, Medical treatments, Pharmacy
Prices Related term: Cost of living, Costs, Fees, Indexation, Inflation
Prisons Use for: Gaols, Jails, Maximum security prisons Related term: Prisoners, Punishment, Youth justice facilities
Private training establishments Related term: Education, Tertiary education
Prizes Use for: Awards Related term: Medals
Proceeds of crime Use for: Money laundering Related term: Crime
Property Use for: Real estate, Real property Related term: Estates, Leases, Ownership, Rates (Property), Valuation Narrower Terms: Intellectual property Copyright Patents Trade marks Personal property Relationship property
Public toilets Related term: Sanitation
Publications Related term: Mass media, Publishing, Writing Narrower Terms: Books Newspapers Periodicals
Qualifications Related term: Education
Radar Related term: Navigation, Remote sensing
Radiation Related term: Irradiation, Lasers, Radioactivity Narrower Terms: Infrared radiation Microwaves Ultraviolet radiation
Radio spectrum Use for: Radio frequencies, Radio frequency interference, Radio reception Related term: Radio, Radiofrequency transmitters, Television spectrum
Radiofrequency transmitters Use for: Cellphone towers, Cellsites Related term: Mobile phones, Radio spectrum, Telecommunications, Television spectrum
Rapid transit systems Related term: Public transport, Railways
Rebates Related term: Fees, Taxation
Records Use for: Documents, Public records Related term: Archives, Official information Narrower Terms: Criminal records Logbooks Medical records Student records
Recreational facilities Use for: Stadiums Related term: Community centres, Marinas, Zoos Narrower Terms: Parks Playgrounds Sportsgrounds Swimming pools Tracks (Walking)
Refineries Related term: Manufacturing, Petroleum
Rental housing Related term: Tenancy Narrower Terms: Council housing State housing
Repossession orders Related term: Bailiffs, Commercial law, Hire purchase
Reserves Use for: Forest parks, Scenic reserves Related term: National parks, Parks Narrower Terms: Marine reserves
Resource consents Related term: Building consents, Construction, Environment, Natural resources, Town planning
Rest homes Related term: Older people
Retirement villages Related term: Housing, Older people
Rivers Use for: Streams Related term: Dams, Estuaries, Floods, Hydrology, Water
Rules Related term: Delegated legislation, Discipline
Rural areas Related term: Agriculture, Area schools
Salt Related term: Food
Satellites Related term: Remote sensing, Telecommunications
Scholarships Use for: Awards Related term: Grants
School terms Use for: School holidays Related term: Schools
Schools Use for: Integrated schools Related term: Education, School attendance, School boards of trustees, School libraries, School terms Narrower Terms: Area schools Intermediate schools Middle schools Primary schools Kura kaupapa Maori Private schools Secondary schools Wharekura
Scooters Related term: Mopeds
Seabed Use for: Continental shelf Related term: Oceanography, Oceans
Search warrants Related term: Powers of entry
Securities Use for: Bills of exchange, Bonds (Investment), Certificates of deposit Related term: Futures (Finance), Hedging (Finance), Insider trading, Shares Narrower Terms: Government securities
Septic tanks Related term: Sewage
Sewerage Use for: Drains, Sewers Related term: Drainage, Pipelines, Sanitation, Sewage, Stormwater
Shelterbelts Related term: Trees
Ships Related term: Boats, Ports, Shipping, Shipwrecks Narrower Terms: Nuclear powered ships Passenger ships Ferries Warships Frigates Submarines
Shipwrecks Related term: Accidents, Boats, Shipping, Ships
Shopping centres Use for: Shopping malls Related term: Shops
Shops Related term: Pharmacies, Shopping centres Narrower Terms: Supermarkets
Signage Use for: Billboards, Hoardings Related term: Advertising, Emblems
Sister cities Related term: International relations, Towns
Smart cards Related term: Credit cards
Smelters Related term: Metals
Smoke alarms Related term: Fires
Social policy Related term: Social conditions
Software Use for: Computer operating systems, Computer software Related term: Computer programming, Computers, Encryption, Information technology
Soils Related term: Erosion, Geology, Land
Sound recordings Related term: Music
Speed cameras Related term: Road safety, Speed limits
Speed limits Related term: Driving, Road safety, Road transport, Speed cameras
Spraydrift Related term: Pesticides
Stock exchange Related term: Shares
Storage Use for: Warehousing Related term: Warehousing
Stormwater Use for: Runoff Related term: Drainage, Floods, Sewerage, Water
Subsidies Related term: Economic instruments, Grants, Trade remedies
Telephones Related term: Telecommunications Narrower Terms: Mobile phones
Television spectrum Use for: Television frequencies, Television reception Related term: Radio spectrum, Radiofrequency transmitters, Television
Territorial waters Use for: Exclusive economic zones Related term: Maritime law, Oceans
Textiles Related term: Clothing, Natural fibres
Therapeutic products Use for: Dietary supplements Related term: Drugs, Food, Medical treatments, Vitamins
Time Related term: Clocks, Daylight saving
Tobacco Use for: Cigarettes Related term: Crops, Smoking
Towns Use for: Cities, Suburbs, Urban areas Related term: Sister cities, Town planning Narrower Terms: Central business districts
Trade secrets Use for: Commercial secrets Related term: Business
Trailers Use for: Horse floats Related term: Caravans, Vehicle towing
Trains Related term: Railways
Trams Related term: Public transport
Transport Related term: Commuting, Freight, Passengers Narrower Terms: Aviation Passenger ropeways Public transport Railways Railway stations Road transport Shipping
Treaty of Waitangi Related term: Constitutional law, Maori, Waitangi Day
Tyres Related term: Motor vehicle parts, Wheels
Unit trusts Related term: Investment
Universities Related term: Colleges of education, Polytechnics, Tertiary education, Wananga
Values Related term: Ethics
Vending machines Related term: Selling
Venture capital Related term: Investment
Video recordings Related term: Film, Television
Visas Related term: Passports
Vitamins Related term: Food, Therapeutic products
Waiting lists Related term: Rationing, Shortages
Wananga Related term: Polytechnics, Tertiary education, Universities
Wastes Use for: Ballast water, Effluent, Runoff, Solid wastes Related term: Landfills, Pollution, Recycling Narrower Terms: Hazardous wastes Nuclear wastes Refuse Sewage
Wealth Related term: Assets, Economic conditions, Income Narrower Terms: Capital
Weapons Use for: Armaments, Arms, Artillery, Bombs, Missiles, Ordinance Related term: Bomb disposal, Disarmament, Military equipment Narrower Terms: Firearms Land mines Nuclear weapons
Weather Related term: Meteorology, Weather forecasting Narrower Terms: Rain Snow Storms Wind
Wharves Use for: Docks, Jetties Related term: Moorings, Ports
Wheels Related term: Motor vehicle parts, Tyres
Wildlife Use for: Wild animals Related term: Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Endangered species, Fish, Insects, Introduced species, Marine animals
Wills Use for: Inheritance, Probate Related term: Estates, Intestacy, Law
Witnesses Related term: Evidence, Perjury
Women Related term: Girls, Mothers
Women's refuges Related term: Domestic violence
Wood Related term: Fibreboard Narrower Terms: Firewood Timber
Youth justice facilities Related term: Prisons, Youth
Zones Related term: Borders
Zoos Related term: Animals, Recreational facilities

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3.9 Entitlement

Some right or benefit that a person, business or organisation is entitled to, and requires some form of government involvement to exercise or enjoy. Entitlements are generally legal entitlements, but can include contracted benefits. Some entitlements are conditional, and not an absolute right.

Allowances Related term: Fringe benefits, Social security
Compensation Use for: Damages, Reparations Related term: Insurance, Punishment
Conditions of employment Use for: Awards, Working conditions Related term: Collective bargaining, Dismissal, Working from home Narrower Terms: Fringe benefits Hours of work Leave (Employment) Pay Equal pay Minimum wage
Consumer protection Use for: Product safety Related term: Commercial law, Complaints, Consumers, Ombudsmen, Quality assurance
Dividends Related term: Income, Shares
Equal opportunities Use for: Affirmative action Related term: Discrimination, Equal pay
Freedom of information Use for: Open government Related term: Censorship, Disclosure, Official information, Ombudsmen
Human rights Use for: Civil rights Related term: Crimes against humanity Narrower Terms: Freedom of assembly Freedom of speech Rights of accused
Naming rights Related term: Sponsorship
Parliamentary privilege Related term: Freedom of speech, Members of parliament, Parliament
Pensions Use for: Annuities Related term: Pension funds, Social security Narrower Terms: Superannuation
Powers of entry Related term: Police, Search warrants
Privacy Related term: Disclosure, Surveillance
Public lending right Related term: Books, Public libraries
Royalties Use for: Performing rights Related term: Copyright, Fees
Shares Use for: Stocks Related term: Dividends, Government shareholding, Insider trading, Securities, Shareholders, Stock exchange
Social security Use for: Benefits (Social security), Income support, Welfare benefits Related term: Allowances, Beneficiaries, Means testing, Pensions, Social services Narrower Terms: Domestic purposes benefit Sickness benefits Superannuation Unemployment benefits

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3.10 Obligation

A levy or duty that a person, business or organisation must discharge, that requires some form of government involvement to do so. Obligations are generally legal ones and must be discharged to the Crown, but can include contracted obligations. Some obligations are conditional, dependent on the circumstances of the party potentially incurring it.

Accountability Use for: Responsibility Related term: Conflicts of interest, Ethics
Child support Use for: Child maintenance, Liable parent payments Related term: Children, Income tax
Credit Related term: Credit rating, Debt Narrower Terms: Credit cards Hire purchase Loans Mortgages Student loans
Customs duties Use for: Duty free allowances Related term: Tariffs, Trade, Trade remedies
National service Use for: Compulsory military service, Conscription Related term: Armed forces
Punishment Use for: Penalties, Sentences (Punishment) Related term: Compensation, Discipline, Parole, Prisons, Probation, Sanctions Narrower Terms: Capital punishment Confiscation Corporal punishment Home detention Non custodial sentences Fines Periodic detention Suspended sentences
Taxation Use for: Levies, Taxes Related term: Economic instruments, Fiscal policy, Rebates, Tax avoidance, Tax evasion Narrower Terms: Double taxation Income tax Company tax Flat tax Progressive taxation Indirect taxation Excise duties GST Sales tax Stamp duties Tariffs Rates (Property)

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3.11 Condition

A state or measurable attribute describes, amongst others, a party, resource or event. A condition may drive a party to seek government involvement or determine whether a party has an entitlement or obligation.

Age Use for: Age limit Related term: Babies, Children, Life expectancy, Middle aged, Older people, Youth
Bail Related term: Arrests, Pre trial procedures
Balance of payments Related term: Capital movements, Foreign exchange, International investment, Overseas reserves
Bankruptcy Use for: Insolvency, Receivership Related term: Commercial law, Debt, Liquidation
Bilingualism Related term: Languages
Biodiversity Related term: Animals, Environment, Plants, Wildlife
Birth rate Related term: Death rate, Population
Capitalism Use for: Free enterprise Related term: Economics
Child custody Use for: Child access Related term: Divorce, Family law
Citizenship Use for: Naturalisation Related term: Passports, Permanent residence, Stateless persons
Class sizes Use for: Pupil teacher ratios Related term: Students
Conflicts of interest Related term: Accountability, Corruption, Ethics
Conflicts of law Use for: International private law Related term: International law
Congenital abnormalities Use for: Birth defects, Foetal abnormalities Related term: Diseases Narrower Terms: Cerebral palsy Down syndrome Spina bifida
Contempt of court Related term: Civil proceedings, Courts, Criminal proceedings
Corrosion Related term: Metals
Corruption Use for: Bribery Related term: Conflicts of interest, Crime, Whistleblowing
Cost of living Related term: Costs, Indexation, Inflation, Prices, Standard of living
Costs Use for: Compliance costs Related term: Cost benefit analysis, Cost of living, Expenditure, Fees, Finance, Prices
Credit rating Related term: Credit
De facto relationships Use for: Same sex relationships Related term: Civil unions, Marriage
Death Related term: Autopsy, Burial, Cemeteries, Cremation, Death rate, Euthanasia, Homicide, Inquests, Sudden infant death syndrome, Suicide
Death rate Use for: Mortality Related term: Birth rate, Death, Population
Debt Related term: Bankruptcy, Credit
Deflation Related term: Inflation
Democracy Related term: Elections, Government
Depreciation Related term: Accountancy, Assets, Capital, Foreign exchange
Disabilities Use for: Disabled, Handicapped Related term: Caregivers, Rehabilitation, Special education, Special needs students Narrower Terms: Intellectual disabilities Learning disabilities Physical disabilities Hearing impairment Visual impairment
Disadvantaged Use for: Underprivileged Related term: Poverty, Social services, Victims
Diseases Use for: Illness, Medical conditions, Sickness Related term: Biosecurity, Congenital abnormalities, Injuries, Medicine, Viruses Narrower Terms: Allergies Animal diseases BSE Foot and mouth disease Rabbit calicivirus disease Arthritis Cancer Breast cancer Cervical cancer Prostate cancer Skin cancer Cardiovascular diseases Heart diseases Strokes (Cerebrovascular) Diabetes Food poisoning Hypertension Infectious diseases AIDS Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Giardiasis Hepatitis Influenza Leptospirosis Listeriosis Measles Meningitis Mumps Poliomyelitis Rubella Whooping cough Mental disorders Depression (Mental disorders) Eating disorders Phobias Schizophrenia Muscular dystrophy Neurological disorders Autism Dementia Epilepsy Multiple sclerosis Parkinsons disease Notifiable diseases Osteoporosis Plant diseases Respiratory disorders Asthma Legionnaires disease Tuberculosis Sexually transmitted diseases
Dismissal Use for: Sacking, Unfair dismissal Related term: Conditions of employment, Human resource management Narrower Terms: Redundancy
Economic conditions Related term: Business cycles, Economic development, Economic impact, Economic indicators, Economic policy, Economics, National accounts, Poverty, Socio economic status, Wealth
Economic indicators Related term: Economic conditions, Economics
Erosion Related term: Land, Soils Narrower Terms: Landslides
Fatigue Use for: Insomnia, Sleep Related term: Stress (Psychological)
Fertility Use for: Infertility, Sterility Related term: Assisted reproductive technology, Birth control, Pregnancy
Greenhouse effect Use for: Global warming Related term: Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide, Carbon sinks, Climate, Emissions, Methane
Guardianship Use for: Orphans Related term: Caregivers, Family law
Health Related term: District health boards, Healthcare services, Medicine, Nutrition, Obesity, Physical fitness, Private healthcare Narrower Terms: Community health Dental health Mental health Occupational health Public health
Injuries Use for: Wounds Related term: Diseases, Rehabilitation Narrower Terms: Burns Head injuries OOS
Interest rates Related term: Investment, Monetary policy Narrower Terms: Minimum lending rate
Intestacy Related term: Wills
Justice Related term: Law Narrower Terms: Miscarriage of justice Restorative justice
Land use Related term: Land
Liability Related term: Law, Torts
Life expectancy Related term: Age, Population
Literacy Use for: Information literacy Related term: Numeracy, Reading, Writing
Malnutrition Related term: Nutrition
Marriage Related term: Civil unions, De facto relationships, Divorce, Separation (Marital)
Middle aged Related term: Age
Misrepresentation Related term: Contracts, Fraud
Monetary unions Use for: Currency unions, Monetary agreements Related term: Economic integration, Foreign exchange, International agreements
National debt Related term: Public finance
Neutrality Related term: International relations
Numeracy Related term: Literacy, Mathematics
Obesity Related term: Health
Opening hours Use for: Sunday trading Related term: Licensed premises, Retail trade
Ownership Related term: Property
Parole Related term: Prisoners, Punishment
Peace Related term: Pacifism, Peacekeeping
Permanent residence Related term: Citizenship, Immigration
Political asylum Related term: Refugees
Poverty Use for: Poor Related term: Disadvantaged, Economic conditions, Income, Social conditions
Powers of attorney Use for: Enduring power of attorney Related term: Law
Pregnancy Related term: Assisted reproductive technology, Birth, Birth control, Embryos, Fertility, Foetuses, Maternity services
Probation Related term: Non custodial sentences, Punishment
Productivity Related term: Industry, Labour force
Profits Narrower Terms: Capital gains
Public order Related term: Demonstrations, Freedom of assembly
Radioactivity Related term: Hazardous substances, Nuclear wastes, Radiation, Uranium
Safety Related term: Accidents, Occupational health, Protective equipment, Security Narrower Terms: Road safety
Security Related term: Encryption, Safety, Security guards, Surveillance Narrower Terms: Biosecurity Quarantine National security
Sexual orientation Use for: Bisexuality, Heterosexuality Related term: Bisexuality, Heterosexuality Narrower Terms: Homosexuality Lesbianism
Shortages Related term: Rationing, Waiting lists
Sight Use for: Vision Related term: Visual impairment
Social conditions Related term: Poverty, Social impact, Social policy, Socio economic status
Socio economic status Related term: Economic conditions, Social conditions, Standard of living
Sovereignty Related term: Government
Standard of living Related term: Cost of living, Income, Socio economic status
Stress (Psychological) Related term: Fatigue, Mental disorders, Psychology
Sudden infant death syndrome Use for: Cot death, SIDS Related term: Babies, Death
Temperature Related term: Measurement, Refrigeration

Return to Table of Contents

3.12 Examples of Sub-function Relationships

The following examples illustrate the range of government activities that are invoked in order to provide services to New Zealand individuals, businesses and other organisations. The topics of focus for the examples have been chosen to show different individual, business and community situations for which government services are provided, and different types of government sub-function invoked for each topic, whilst highlighting government activities that are affected by all types of situation.

These government activities are represented by sub-functions that reside under their respective function within the three functional areas. Some sub-functions are directly implicated when providing a service to individuals, whilst others pertain to activities that support and facilitate the provision of a service for individuals or in maintaining the impacted resources and environment in which the service for New Zealanders is provided.

For each focus topic nominated, a range of supporting government activities are given in terms of functions and sub-functions combined with narrow subject terms. The descriptions for the sub-functions listed can be found within the main body of the BRM/FONZ. The descriptions for the narrow terms listed can be found within the main body of the BRM/SONZ.

Example 1: Ministry of Social Development

This example illustrates some of the government activities carried out by the Ministry of Social Development (MSD). The following italicised passage is taken from the MSD website.¹² Functional and Subject terms are inserted within [square brackets].

Our Ministry is all about helping [assisting] to build successful individuals [promoting participation in society], and in turn building strong, healthy families [subsidising social services] and communities.

It’s a big job - we’re tackling some of the big issues in society, like family violence [domestic violence] and youth [youth] offending [crime].

We’re working towards this through providing:

care [supporting community care] and protection [preventing crime] of vulnerable children [children] and young people [youth]
employment [employment][facilitating job placements], income support [unemployment benefits][providing income support] and superannuation [superannuation] services [providing income support]
funding to community service providers [subsiding communities]
social policy [policy making] and advice to government
student [students] allowances [allowances] and loans [student loans] [funding individual study].

Subjects involved:

Parties:

Youth
Crime
Children
Students
Older people ^¹³

Activities:
Employment
Domestic violence
Unemployment ^¹⁴

Entitlements:
Unemployment benefits
Superannuation
Allowances
Student loans
Sickness benefits ^¹⁵

Other
Diseases ^¹⁶

Functions for New Zealanders:

Assisting
Promoting participation in society
Subsidising social services
Supporting community care
Preventing crime
Facilitating job placements
Providing income support
Subsiding communities
Funding individual study
Subsidising welfare loans ^¹⁷
Providing chronic care ^¹⁸

Support Functions:
Policy making

Summary of Subjects and Functions

Example 2: Inland Revenue Department

This example illustrates some of the government activities carried out by the Inland Revenue Department (IRD). The following italicised passage is taken from the IRD’s Statement of Intent 2008-2011.^¹⁹ Functional and Subject terms are inserted within [square brackets].

Our responsibilities fall into three areas:

Policy advice

We work with The Treasury to advise government on all aspects of tax policy [policy making] and on social policy measures that interact with the tax system.

Revenue collection

We assess [ensuring compliance] and collect [revenue gathering] approximately 89% of core Crown revenue [income]. This has increased by about six percentage points over the five years to June 2007. Approximately 70% of that revenue [income] is collected through income tax from individuals [income tax], companies [company tax] and entities such as trusts [trusts], with GST [GST] accounting for most of the balance.

We also collect [revenue collecting] several special-purpose duties and levies [taxation] and administer unclaimed monies [managing public assets].

Administration of social support programmes

We have responsibility for the administration and delivery of:

Working for families tax credits - we distribute entitlements to support families [providing income support] in work (the programme is jointly administered with the Ministry of Social Development).
Child support - we have policy [policy making] and service delivery responsibility for child support [child support], acting as the intermediary between paying parents [revenue collecting] and parents [parents][caregivers] who have custody [providing income support] of children [children][youth].
Student loans - we collect [revenue collecting] loan [student loan] repayments from borrowers [students] (the programme is jointly administered with the Ministries of Education and Social Development).
KiwiSaver - we are the central administrator of the programme [superannuation]. We collect payments [revenue collecting] and forward them [managing public liabilities] to external providers for investment [pension funds]. Other stakeholders in the scheme are The Treasury, the Ministry of Economic Development, Housing New Zealand Corporation and the Retirement Commission.
Paid parental leave - we deliver [providing income support] paid parental leave [leave] payments on behalf of the Department of Labour to parents who take leave from their job or business to care for a new baby [babies].

Subjects involved:

Parties:
Trusts
Parents
Caregivers
Children
youth
babies
Students

Activities:
Income
Taxation

Entitlements:
Leave

Obligations:
Income tax
Company tax
GST
Child support
Student loans

Resources:
Superannuation
Pension funds

Functions for New Zealanders:

Ensuring compliance
Providing income support

Support Functions:

Policy making

Management of Government Resources:

Managing public assets
Managing public liabilities
Revenue gathering

Summary of Subjects and Functions

Example 3: State Services Commission (SSC)

This example illustrates some of the government activities carried out by the State Services Commission. The following italicised passage is taken from the SSC website.^²⁰ Functional and Subject terms are inserted within [square brackets].

The State Services [public service] Commission is the Government’s [government] lead advisor [providing policy briefings] on New Zealand’s public management system [public service] and works with government agencies [public sector] to support the delivery of quality services to New Zealanders.

The State Services [public service] Commission’s role is broad and varied. It works with Public Service departments [government departments], Crown entities [crown entities] and other State sector [public sector] organisations to ensure the New Zealand government [government] operates efficiently and effectively.

…

The State Services Commission is also one of three central agencies – the others are the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and the Treasury – responsible for providing leadership, coordination [providing secretariat] and monitoring [ensuring accountability] across the entire public sector [public sector].

The State Services Commissioner's statutory roles are to appoint [appointing to senior or statutory positions] and manage Public Service [public service] chief executives [managers], provide leadership across the State Services [public service], investigate [inspecting][investigating incidents] and report [analysing information] on matters relating to the performance of the Public Service departments [government departments], provide guidance on integrity and conduct [professional misconduct] to State servants [public service], and promote, develop, and monitor equal employment opportunities policies and programmes for the Public Service [policy making][developing government sector procedures]. It also leads New Zealand's e-government programme, has a central role in developing State Services people [public service] capability and advises [providing public policy briefings] the Government on the structure of the State sector [public sector], including the allocation [restructuring government sector][reviewing rules] of functions between agencies

Subjects involved:

Parties:
Public service
Government
Public sector
Government departments
Crown entities
Managers

Activities:
Professional misconduct

Functions for New Zealanders:

Providing policy briefings
Inspecting
Investigating incidents

Support Functions:

Analysing information
Policy making
Reviewing rules

Management of Government Resources:

Appointing to senior to statutory positions
Developing government sector procedures
Ensuring accountability
Providing secretariat
Representing New Zealand Internationally ^²¹
Restructuring government sector
Risk Management (internal) ^²²

Summary of Subjects and Functions

Return to Table of Contents

1 The Australian Government Architecture Reference Models are also based on FEAF.

2 This framework is being used in a number of other countries and some state governments in Australia.

3 http://www.e.govt.nz/standards/fea

4 The recent transfer of Government Technology Services from the State Services Commission to the Department of Internal Affairs, has resulted in a suspension of the e-GIF standards governance, pending a review of wider whole of government ICT governance.

5 Communities of Interest are collaborative groups of users who require a shared vocabulary to exchange information in pursuit of common goals, interests and business objectives.

6 ‘The term ‘Rosetta Stone’ has become idiomatic as something that is a critical key to a process of decryption or translation of a difficult problem .’ (http://www.wikipedia.org/ )

7 The NZGLS online site is at http://www.e.govt.nz/standards/nzgls

8 http://www.e.govt.nz/standards/nzgls/thesauri

9 Based on the common themes in the Australian Government Architecture Business Reference Model.

10 From a Zackman Framework perspective, Parties correspond to ‘Who’; ‘Resources corresponds to ‘What’ and the other categories are sub-classes of ‘Why’.

11 Are they seeking an entitlement, meeting an obligation, wishing to put on an event, or suffering from an adverse event.

12 http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/about-msd/index.html

13 Implied.

14 Implied.

15 Implied.

16 Implied.

17 Implied.

18 Implied.

19 http://www.ird.govt.nz/aboutir/reports/soi/soi-2008-2011/soi-2008-part1/2008-part1-nature-and-scope.html

20 http://www.ssc.govt.nz/display/home.asp

21 Implied.

22 Implied.

23 In the New Zealand Government, the term ‘Corporate Services’ is often used, rather than ‘Back Office Services’ which often refers to non-client-facing processing of client transactions the New Zealand Government context.

24 Communities of Interest (COI) are collaborative groups of users who require a shared vocabulary to exchange information in pursuit of common goals, interests and business objectives.

25 The term ‘Rosetta Stone’ has become idiomatic as something that is a critical key to a process of decryption or translation of a difficult problem. (http://www.wikipedia.org/)

26 The word ‘schema’ in this context refers to any of a number of XML-based schema languages.

27 In this specification, the term ‘data’ is often used alone to collectively mean data, data artefacts (e.g. documents, XML schemas, etc.) and data assets. At times, the term ‘data artefact’ and/or ‘data asset’ may be used separately, or together with ‘data’, as appropriate for the intended meaning. The reader should consider the context of each reference.

28 The NZGLS Metadata Standard is based on the Dublin Core Data Element Set and the Australian Locator Service. It is a set of 19 descriptive elements which government departments and agencies can use to improve the visibility and accessibility of their services and information over the Internet.

29 Digital Rights Management is also abbreviated DRM. Hence, the reader should be aware of context when this abbreviation is encountered.

30 Released on the 27^th August 2009.

31 From Adaptive Information, by Jeffery T. Pollock and Ralph Hodgson, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-48854-2, 2004. p. 6.

32 It should be noted that the term ‘relationship’ is used in two ways here. The concept named ‘Relationship’ participates in relationships with other concepts in the abstract model, and also defines the relationship between entities when it is applied to a specific scenario.

33 It should be noted that the term ‘attribute’ is used here in a different way than for the concept named ‘Attribute’. Here, an ‘attribute’ is used to describe characteristics of each of the concepts in the abstract model.

34 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

35 As shown in the abstract model, a Digital Data Resource may be one of these three specific types of data resources. The same general idea applies to the entries for the ‘Semi-Structured Data Resource’ and ‘Data Object’ concepts above.

36 A full specification can be found at http://www.e.govt.nz/standards/nzgls/standard/element-set-21/chapter7.html. Also, see http://www.e.govt.nz/standards/nzgls/standard/element-set-21/chapter8.html and http://www.e.govt.nz/archive/standards/nzgls/standard/usage-guide-2-1/chapter25.html, for sample encoding schemes.

37 As it is taken from an existing operational system, the terminology used in the description may differ from that described in the DRM abstract model but it is offered to demonstrate the various ways that an agency uses a variety of logical data models to characterise the data description/sharing constructs.

38 A data subject area is comprised of one or more information classes.

39 In this example, a specific type of event is depicted (a fire).

40 The term ‘structure’ is used here in the formal Computer Science sense of a data structure. Examples are networks, trees and hierarchies. The choice of a specific data structure impacts on the type of relationships that can be represented.

41 Because a Taxonomy is represented as a Structured Data Resource and a Data Asset provides management context for a Digital Data Resource, it follows that a Taxonomy may be stored and managed within a Data Asset.

42 It should be noted that the term ‘relationship’ is used in two ways here. The concept named ‘Relationship’ participates in relationships with other concepts in the abstract model and also defines the relationship between topics when it is applied to a specific scenario.

43 Paragraph 14, page 3, “Policy Framework for Government Held Information: Criteria for Stewardship” – paper to Cabinet Strategy Subcommittee on Expenditure Control and Government Administration

44 Paragraph 19, page 4, “Policy Framework for Government Held Information: Criteria for Stewardship” – paper to Cabinet Strategy Subcommittee on Expenditure Control and Government Administration

45 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

46 In a Taxonomy, given any topic, a second topic is a parent topic if it is higher in the hierarchy or a child topic if it is directly lower in the hierarchy.

47 The term ‘data asset’ is synonymous with ‘data source’. It is described within the Data Context section.

48 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

49 For a Query Point, an identifier represents the electronic address at which the Query Point may be accessed.

50 It should be noted that the term ‘relationship’ is used in two ways here. The concept named ‘Relationship’ participates in relationships with other concepts in the abstract model and also defines the relationship between entities when it is applied to a specific scenario.

51 It should be noted that the term ‘attribute’ is used here in a different way than for the concept named ‘Attribute’. Here, an ‘attribute’ is used to describe characteristics of each of the concepts in the abstract model.

52 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

53 As shown in the abstract model, a Digital Data Resource may be one of these three specific types of data resources. The same general idea applies to the entries for the ‘Semi-Structured Data Resource’ and ‘Data Object’ concepts above.

54 Because a Taxonomy is represented as a Structured Data Resource and a Data Asset provides management context for a Digital Data Resource, it follows that a Taxonomy may be stored and managed within a Data Asset.

55 It should be noted that the term ‘relationship’ is used in two ways here. The concept named ‘Relationship’ participates in relationships with other concepts in the abstract model and also defines the relationship between topics when it is applied to a specific scenario.

56 Paragraph 14, page 3, “Policy Framework for Government Held Information: Criteria for Stewardship” – paper to Cabinet Strategy Subcommittee on Expenditure Control and Government Administration

57 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

58 The ‘Identifier’ attribute is described at an abstract level in order to be consistent with the abstract nature of the reference model. Therefore, there are no references to aspects such as identifier uniqueness, representation format or similar. Implementations based on the DRM will introduce such aspects as needed according to their requirements.

59 For a Query Point, an identifier represents the electronic address at which the Query Point may be accessed.

60 Paragraph 14, page 3, “Policy Framework for Government Held Information: Criteria for Stewardship” – paper to Cabinet Strategy Subcommittee on Expenditure Control and Government Administration

Tabs

Business Reference Model

3 Business Reference Model

3.1 Functions for New Zealanders Functional Area

3.1.1 Assisting

3.1.2 Authorising

3.1.3 Defending

3.1.4 Enabling

3.1.5 Enriching

3.1.6 Protecting

3.1.7 Providing infrastructure

3.1.8 Representing

3.1.9 Upholding the rules

3.2 Support Functions Functional Area

3.2.1 Informing

3.2.2 Policy making

3.2.3 Rulemaking

3.3 Management of Government Resources Business Area

3.3.1 Administering government

3.4 Subjects of New Zealand Government

3.5 Party

3.6 Activity

3.7 Event

3.8 Resource

3.9 Entitlement

3.10 Obligation

3.11 Condition

3.12 Examples of Sub-function Relationships