2. Glossary
Glossary
Note: Glossary items (except ‘GLS, IVS, NZ e-GIF, SAML & XML’) are referenced from http://www.webopedia.com .
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- Artifact
- A piece of data used to link a security assertion with a user and context. Can be used by service providers to find out whether a user has been authenticated.
- Cookie
- A piece of information stored in a browser by a web server, which is then sent back to the web server each time the browser requests a page from that server.
- CORBA
- Common Object Request Broker Architecture is an architecture that enables software programs to communicate with one another regardless of what programming language they are written in or what operating system they're running on.
- Credential
- An object that is verified when presented to the verifier in an authentication transaction. Credentials may be bound in some way to the individual to whom they were issued, or they may be bearer credentials. The former are necessary for identification, while the latter may be acceptable for some forms of authorisation.
- DCOM
- Distributed Component Object Model - an extension of the Component Object Model (COM) that allows COM components (Software programs) to communicate across network boundaries. Only used for Windows environments.
- EDI
- Electronic Data Interchange – the transfer of data between networks in a standardised format.
- In the clear
- When information is unencrypted and may be viewed by other parties.
- Internet2
- Internet2 is a testing-ground networking environment, where universities, companies, and government laboratories work together and develop advanced Internet technologies such as telemedicine, digital libraries and virtual laboratories.
- IP
- Short for Internet Protocol. IP specifies the format of packets, also called datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
- IVS
- Identity Verification Service – An all-of-government shared service that provides individuals with the option to verify their identity authoritatively, online, and in real-time with participating agencies to a passport-level of confidence.
- Maintain State
- Applications hold information about a user and the user’s session to track where a user is in a transaction and to hold other context specific information about the user. In this document it is related to the term ‘cookie’.
- NZ e-GIF
- Government Logon Service – An all-of-government shared service that provides ongoing re-confirmation of online identity to participating agencies to the desired level of confidence.
- OASIS
- Organisation for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a not-for-profit international consortium that drives the development, convergence, and adoption of e-business standards.
- Real-time
- In this document real-time means close to an immediate response.
- RMI
- Remote Method Invocation is a way for distributed java objects (software programs) to communicate with each other remotely.
- RPC
- Remote Procedure Call is a protocol that allows a program on one
computer to execute a program on a server computer.
CORBA and DCOM provide the same type of capabilities as traditional RPCs.
- SAML
- Security Assertion Markup Language is an XML-based standard that defines messages for communicating a range of security-related statements about individual parties, including their authentication.
- Security Assertion
- A statement of information about an Internet user’s security context.
- Security Context
- The digital environment that a user has a security definition for. For example, a user may be defined as an administrator on a standard desktop. This is their security context.
- SOAP
- Short for Simple Object Access Protocol, a lightweight XML-based messaging protocol used to encode the information in Web service request and response messages before sending them over a network. SOAP messages are independent of any operating system or protocol and may be transported using a variety of Internet protocols, including SMTP, MIME, and HTTP.
- URI
- Uniform Resource Identifier is the generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the World Wide Web. (Uniform Resource Locator – URL - is one type of URI).
- Web Services
- A term used to describe a standardised way of integrating Web-based applications using the XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over IP. (The set of specifications that make up a Web Services architecture is referred to as WS-*).
- XML
- Short for eXtensible Markup Language, XML is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML. Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere.
Note: Glossary items (except ‘GLS, IVS, NZ e-GIF, SAML & XML’) are referenced from http://www.webopedia.com .
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